礫

礫

See also: 砾

礫 U+792B, 礫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-792B ← 礪 [U+792A] CJK Unified Ideographs 礬 → [U+792C]

Translingual

Traditional	礫
Shinjitai (extended)	䃯
Simplified	砾

Han character

礫 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+15, 20 strokes, cangjie input 一口女戈木 (MRVID), four-corner 1269₄, composition ⿰石樂)

References

• KangXi: page 838, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24572
• Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2463, character 4
• Unihan data for U+792B

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Chinese

trad.		礫
simp.		砾
2nd round simp.		劯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (樂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
樂	*ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ
轢	*raːd, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
濼	*pqʰlaːwɢ, *raːwɢ, *reːwɢ, *pqʰloːwɢ, *roːwɢ, *roːwɢ
躒	*raːwɢ, *reːwɢ
擽	*rawɢ, *reːwɢ
爍	*qʰljawɢ
鑠	*qʰljawɢ
藥	*lawɢ
櫟	*lawɢ, *reːwɢ
纅	*lawɢ
礫	*reːwɢ
瓅	*reːwɢ
皪	*reːwɢ
觻	*reːwɢ, *roːwɢ
嚛	*qʰloːwɢ, *qʰloːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ)

Etymology

From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lik¹, lik⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): lia̍k / le̍k

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lik¹, lik⁶
    • Yale: līk, lihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lik⁷, lik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lig¹, lig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɪk̚⁵/, /lɪk̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
    • Tâi-lô: li̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /lek̚/

Rime
Character	礫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	青 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎擊切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/lek̚/
Wang Li	/liek̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/liek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤewk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*reːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	礫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lek ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁewk/
English	pebbles
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礫
Reading #	1/1
No.	7685
Phonetic component	樂
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	靂
Old Chinese	/*reːwɢ/

Definitions

礫

1. gravel; pebbles; potsherds

Compounds

土礫／土砾 沙礫／沙砾 (shālì) 瓦礫／瓦砾 (wǎlì) 石礫／石砾 砂礫／砂砾

砂礫礦床／砂砾矿床 磧礫／碛砾 礫岩／砾岩 (lìyán) 礫石／砾石 (lìshí) 礫耕栽培／砾耕栽培

角礫岩／角砾岩 (jiǎolìyán) 飛沙揚礫／飞沙扬砾 飛沙走礫／飞沙走砾 飛砂揚礫／飞砂扬砾 飛礫／飞砾

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luò (luo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luò
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luò
    • Wade–Giles: lo⁴
    • Yale: lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
    • Palladius: ло (lo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

礫

1. Only used in 卓礫／卓砾.

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): luò (luo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: luò
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luò
    • Wade–Giles: lo⁴
    • Yale: lwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh
    • Palladius: ло (lo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwɔ⁵¹/

Definitions

礫

1. ^‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks.
   • Jiyun (集韻): 礫，白石皃。

References

• “礫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	䃯
Kyūjitai	礫

Kanji

礫

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 䃯)

1. pebble, stone

Readings

• Go-on: りゃく (ryaku)
• Kan-on: れき (reki)
• Kun: こいし (koishi, 礫); つぶて (tsubute, 礫)

Compounds

Compounds

• 礫塊(れきかい) (rekikai)
• 礫岩(れきがん) (rekigan, “conglomerate”)
• 礫石(れきせき) (rekiseki)
  • 礫器(れっき) (rekki)
• 礫群(れきぐん) (rekigun)
• 礫(れき)土(ど) (rekido)
• 瓦(が)礫(りゃく) (garyaku)
• 瓦(が)礫(れき) (gareki, “rubble”)
• 砂(さ)礫(れき) (sareki), 砂(しゃ)礫(れき) (shareki)
• 磧礫(せきれき) (sekireki)
• 飛礫(つぶて) (tsubute)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
礫
れき Hyōgaiji
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) れ​き [réꜜkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ɾe̞kʲi]

Noun

礫(れき) • (reki)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing

   Synonyms: 石塊 (ishikoro), 小石 (koishi)

2. gravel

Derived terms

• 礫耕(れきこう)栽培(さいばい) (rekikōsaibai)
• 礫(れき)砂(さ)漠(ばく) (reki sabaku)
• 火山(かざん)礫(れき) (kazan reki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
礫
つぶて Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 飛礫

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) つぶて [tsùbúté] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• (Tokyo) つぶて​ [tsùbútéꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝbɯ̟ᵝte̞]

Noun

礫(つぶて) • (tsubute)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing

   Synonym: 小石 (koishi)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 石(いし)礫(つぶて) (ishitsubute)
• 紙(かみ)礫(つぶて) (kamitsubute)
• 雁(がん)礫(つぶて) (gantsubute)
• 空(そら)礫(つぶて) (soratsubute)
• 天狗(てんぐ)礫(つぶて) (tengutsubute)
• 梨(なし)の礫(つぶて) (nashi no tsubute)
• 梨(なし)も礫(つぶて)も打(う)たぬ (nashi mo tsubute mo utanu)
• 人(ひと)礫(つぶて) (hitotsubute)
• 向(む)かい礫(つぶて) (mukaitsubute)
• 雪(ゆき)礫(つぶて) (yukitsubute)

Proverbs

• 暗夜(あんや)の礫(つぶて) (an'ya no tsubute)
• 闇(やみ)の夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yami no yo no tsubute), 闇(やみ)夜(よ)の礫(つぶて) (yamiyo no tsubute)

Proper noun

礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. a place name

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
礫
たぶて Hyōgaiji
irregular

From Old Japanese.

Possibly an apophonic form of or a shift from tsubute above.

Noun

礫(たぶて) • (tabute)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
   • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 8, poem 1522), text here

     多夫手(たぶて)二毛(にも)投越(なげこし)都倍吉(つべき)天漢(あまのがは)敝太而礼婆可母(へだてればかも)安麻多須辨奈吉(あまたすべなき) [Man'yōgana]

     たぶてにも投(な)げ越(こ)しつべき天(あま)の川隔(がはへだ)てればかもあまたすべなき [Modern spelling]

     tabute ni mo nagekoshitsu beki Ama-no-gawa hedatereba ka mo amata subenaki

     (please add an English translation of this example)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
礫
こいし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) こいし [kòíshí] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ko̞iɕi]

Noun

礫(こいし) • (koishi)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
礫
たびいし Hyōgaiji
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 䃯)

1. a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing

Derived terms

• 礫瓦(たびしかわら) (tabishikawara)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礫 (MC lek̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 륵〮 (lúk) (Yale: luk) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), South Korea 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok))

1. Hanja form^? of 력/역 (“pebble”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 역석 (礫石, yeokseok)
• 사력 (沙礫/砂礫, saryeok)
• 역암 (礫岩, yeogam)
• 각력암 (角礫岩, gangnyeogam)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.