確

See also: 确

確	U+78BA, 確 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78BA

← 碹
[U+78B9]

CJK Unified Ideographs

碻 →
[U+78BB]

Translingual

Han character

確 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 一口人月土 (MROBG), four-corner 1461₄, composition ⿰石隺)

Derived characters

𡃜, 𮣞

References

KangXi: page 833, character 31

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24366

Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 20

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2450, character 4

Unihan data for U+78BA

Chinese

trad.		確
simp.		确^*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (寉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鶴	*ɡloːwɢ
髉	*pqroːwɢ
篧	skroːwɢ, sɡroːwɢ
榷	*kroːwɢ
搉	kroːwɢ, kroːwɢ, *kʰroːwɢ
傕	*kroːwɢ
確	*kʰroːwɢ
寉	*ɡluːwɢ
蒮	*luwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 寉 (OC *ɡluːwɢ) – rock-solid, as certain as a rock.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): què (que⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝˋ
(Chengdu, SP): quo²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): kok³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): kok²
Gan (Wiktionary): koh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khok
(Meixian, Guangdong): kog⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): qyeh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): kŏ̤
Min Dong (BUC): káuk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khak
(Teochew, Peng'im): kag⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ko⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: què
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh⁴
  - Yale: chywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueh
  - Palladius: цюэ (cjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: quo²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiuo
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyo²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kok³
  - Yale: kok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: kog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔːk̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kok²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔk̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: koh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khok
  - Hakka Romanization System: kog`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰok̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kog⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰɔk̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɔ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: káuk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɑuʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khak
  - Tâi-lô: khak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qag
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰak̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰak̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰak̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰak̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: qiaq (T4); khoq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ⁵⁵/, /kʰʊʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ko⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰo²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 確
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyə⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyo⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰio²¹/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰio³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰyaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɔʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰo⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰo²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰo²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰok̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰok̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰɔk̚³/
	Nanning	/kʰɔk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/kʰɔk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɔuʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xɔk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kʰˠʌk̚/

Rime
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦角切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɔk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hok³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤrawk/
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːwɢ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què
Middle Chinese	‹ khæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʰˁrawk/
English	solid, firm
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	確
Reading #	1/1
No.	5100
Phonetic component	寉
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	㱿
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːwɢ/

Definitions

確

real; true
消息不確／消息不确 ― xiāoxī bù què ― the information is not true
準確／准确 ― zhǔnquè ― accurate; precise
firm; resolute
確信／确信 ― quèxìn ― to firmly believe
truly; indeed

Compounds

丁一確二／丁一确二
不確／不确
千真萬確／千真万确 (qiānzhēnwànquè)
明確／明确 (míngquè)
正確／正确 (zhèngquè)
準確／准确 (zhǔnquè)
準確度／准确度 (zhǔnquèdù)
的一確二／的一确二
的確／的确 (díquè)
真確／真确 (zhēnquè)

確乎／确乎 (quèhū)
確保／确保 (quèbǎo)
確信／确信 (quèxìn)
確切／确切 (quèqiè)
確定／确定 (quèdìng)
確定判決／确定判决
確定故意／确定故意
確實／确实 (quèshí)
確有其事／确有其事 (quèyǒuqíshì)
確然／确然

確當／确当
確知／确知
確立／确立 (quèlì)
確診／确诊 (quèzhěn)
確認／确认 (quèrèn)
確論／确论
確證／确证
確鑿／确凿 (quèzáo)
精確／精确 (jīngquè)
詳確／详确

Japanese

Kanji

確

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

certain

Readings

Go-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: かく (kaku, Jōyō)
Kun: たしか (tashika, 確か, Jōyō); たしかめる (tashikameru, 確かめる, Jōyō)

Compounds

確認(かくにん) (kakunin): confirmation, to confirm

Korean

Hanja

確 • (hwak) (hangeul 확, revised hwak, McCune–Reischauer hwak, Yale hwak)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

確: Hán Nôm readings: xác, xạc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.