硝

硝

硝 U+785D, 硝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-785D ← 硜 [U+785C] CJK Unified Ideographs 硞 → [U+785E]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

硝 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一口火月 (MRFB), four-corner 1962₇, composition ⿰石肖)

1. saltpeter, niter
2. to tan

References

• KangXi: page 830, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24201
• Dae Jaweon: page 1246, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2433, character 4
• Unihan data for U+785D

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Chinese

trad.		硝
simp. #		硝

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (肖) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
梢	*sreːw
捎	*sreːw, *sew
筲	*sreːw
鞘	*sreːw, *slewɢs
艄	*sreːw
蛸	*sreːw, *sew
髾	*sreːw
輎	*sreːw
旓	*sreːw
弰	*sreːw
鮹	*sreːw, *sew
綃	*sreːw, *sew
颵	*sreːw
莦	*sreːw, *sew
娋	*sreːw, *sreːws
稍	*sreːws
哨	*sreːws, *sʰews, *sew
揱	*sreːwɢs, *slew, *sreːwɢ
潲	*sreːws
睄	*sreːws
悄	*sʰewʔ
俏	*sʰews
峭	*sʰews
陗	*sʰews
帩	*sʰews
誚	*zews
消	*sew
宵	*sew
霄	*sew
硝	*sew
銷	*sew
逍	*sew
魈	*sew
痟	*slew
焇	*sew
肖	*slew, *slews
韒	*slewɢs
趙	*l'ewʔ
箾	*seːw, *sleːw
踃	*seːw
削	*slewɢ
矟	*sreːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sew) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiāo (xiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): siu¹
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): siau

  (Teochew, Peng'im): siou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siao
    • Wade–Giles: hsiao¹
    • Yale: syāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiau
    • Palladius: сяо (sjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: siu¹
    • Yale: sīu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: siu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːu̯⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siau
    • Tâi-lô: siau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiau³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiau⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: siou¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: siou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siou³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /siᴇu/

Rime
Character	硝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	相邀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇu/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛu/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siaw/
Li Rong	/siɛu/
Wang Li	/sĭɛu/
Bernard Karlgren	/si̯ɛu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	siu1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sew/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	硝
Reading #	1/1
No.	13742
Phonetic component	肖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	宵
Old Chinese	/*sew/

Definitions

硝

1. (inorganic chemistry) saltpetre, niter
2. to tan

Compounds

智利硝石 (zhìlì xiāoshí) 焰硝 甲硝唑 (jiǎxiāozuò) 皮硝 (píxiāo) 硝化 (xiāohuà) 硝化作用 硝化甘油 (xiāohuàgānyóu)

硝基 (xiāojī) 硝基苯 (xiāojīběn) 硝石 (xiāoshí) 硝酸 (xiāosuān) 老走硝 芒硝 (mángxiāo) 朴硝 (pòxiāo)

亞硝酸／亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān) 亞硝酸鹽／亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán) 硝煙彈雨／硝烟弹雨 硝鹽／硝盐 薔薇硝／蔷薇硝 鹽硝／盐硝

References

• “硝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Shinjitai	硝
Kyūjitai [1]	硝󠄁 硝+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	硝󠄃 硝+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

硝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. saltpeter, niter, the mineral form of potassium nitrate (KNO₃).

Readings

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)^{←せう (seu, historical)}

Compounds

Compounds

• 硝子(ガラス) (garasu), 硝子(しょうし) (shōshi): glass
• 硝安(しょうあん) (shōan): ammonium nitrate
• 硝酸(しょうさん) (shōsan): nitric acid
• 硝石(しょうせき) (shōseki): saltpetre

References

1. “硝”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

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Korean

Hanja

硝 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

硝: Hán Việt readings: tiêu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Compounds

• 硝石 (tiêu thạch)