石綿

石綿

See also: 石绵

Chinese

		rock; stone; 10 pecks	cotton; incessant; soft cotton; incessant; soft; downy
trad. (石綿)		石	綿
simp. (石绵)		石	绵

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shímián

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄇㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sek⁶ min⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): chio̍h-mî

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shímián
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhmián
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-mien²
    • Yale: shŕ-myán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrmian
    • Palladius: шимянь (šimjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ mjɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 石棉 石綿／石绵

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: sek⁶ min⁴
    • Yale: sehk mìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sek⁹ min⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ség⁶ min⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɛːk̚² miːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 石棉 石綿／石绵

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chio̍h-mî
    • Tâi-lô: tsio̍h-mî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cioiqmii
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕio(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕio(ʔ)²⁴⁻² mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕio(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ mĩ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕio(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ mĩ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɤ(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ mĩ²³/

Noun

石綿

1. (chiefly Taiwan) Alternative form of 石棉 (shímián, “asbestos”).

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Japanese

Etymology 1

石綿 (ishiwata, sekimen): a mineral sample showing naturally occurring asbestos fibers.

Kanji in this term
石	綿
いし Grade: 1	わた Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Compound of 石 (ishi, “stone”) +‎ 綿 (wata, “cotton, batting”).[1]

The first appearance of this term is unknown. The material was known in Japan at least as early as 1764, when Rangaku scholar Hiraga Gennai had asbestos cloth created based on Chinese techniques. However, he called this cloth 火浣布 (kakanpu, literally “fire + wash + cloth”).[1]

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) いしわた [ìshíwátá] (Heiban – [0])[2]
• IPA^(key): [iɕiɰᵝa̠ta̠]

Noun

石(いし)綿(わた) • (ishiwata) 

1. asbestos

Usage notes

When used as a standalone noun, the ishiwata reading appears to be more common.

When used in compounds, the sekimen reading appears to be more common.

Synonyms

• アスベスト (asubesuto)
• (dated) 石絨(せきじゅう) (sekijū)
• (dated) 温石棉(おんじゃくめん) (onjakumen)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 石綿瓦(いしわたがわら) (ishiwatagawara): an asbestos roof tile, asbestos roofing

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
石	綿
せき Grade: 1	めん Grade: 5
on’yomi

May be a borrowing from Middle Chinese compound 石綿 (dzyek miɛn, literally “stone + wool, cotton”). Compare modern Cantonese 石棉 (sek⁶ min⁴).

Alternatively, may have been coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements as a compound of 石 (seki, “stone”) +‎ 綿 (men, “cotton, batting”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) せ​きめん [séꜜkìmèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [se̞kʲimẽ̞ɴ]

Noun

石(せき)綿(めん) • (sekimen) 

1. asbestos

Usage notes

When used as a standalone noun, the ishiwata reading appears to be more common.

When used in compounds, the sekimen reading appears to be more common.

Synonyms

• アスベスト (asubesuto)
• 石絨(せきじゅう) (sekijū)
• 温石棉(おんじゃくめん) (onjakumen)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 石綿糸(せきめんし) (sekimenshi): asbestos thread
• 石綿(せきめん)スレート (sekimen surēto): asbestos slate
• 石綿(せきめん)フェルト (sekimen feruto): asbestos felt

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN