矯

矯

See also: 矫

矯 U+77EF, 矯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77EF ← 矮 [U+77EE] CJK Unified Ideographs 矰 → [U+77F0]

Translingual

Han character

矯 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+12, 17 strokes, cangjie input 人大竹大月 (OKHKB), four-corner 8242₇, composition ⿰矢喬)

Derived characters

• 𢹣 𨙍

References

• KangXi: page 825, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24015
• Dae Jaweon: page 1238, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2586, character 13
• Unihan data for U+77EF

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Chinese

trad.		矯
simp.		矫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矯
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (喬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
驕	*krew
嬌	*krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew
憍	*krew, *kʰrew
穚	*krew
鷮	*krew, *ɡrew
蕎	*krew, *ɡrew
喬	*krew, *ɡrew
簥	*krew
撟	*krew, *krewʔ
矯	*krewʔ
鱎	*krewʔ
敽	*krewʔ
蟜	*krewʔ, *ɡrew
譑	*krewʔ, *kʰews
蹻	*krewʔ, *kʰew, *ɡrew, *kewɢ, *ɡewɢ
繑	*kʰew
鞽	*kʰrew
趫	*kʰrew, *ɡrew
嘺	*ɡew
橋	*ɡrew
僑	*ɡrew
鐈	*ɡrew
毊	*ɡrew, *qʰrew
轎	*ɡrew, *ɡrews
嶠	*ɡrews
獢	*qʰrew
屩	*kewɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *krewʔ) : semantic 矢 (“arrow”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew): to straighten; to make as straight as an arrow shaft.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎo (jiao³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): giu², kiu²
• Min Nan (POJ): kiáu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎo
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎo
    • Wade–Giles: chiao³
    • Yale: jyǎu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeau
    • Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: giu², kiu²
    • Yale: gíu, kíu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: giu², kiu²
    • Guangdong Romanization: giu², kiu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːu̯³⁵/, /kʰiːu̯³⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiáu
    • Tâi-lô: kiáu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiao
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiau⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiau⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiau⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiau⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiau⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠiᴇu^X/

Rime
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	宵 (92)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居夭切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiᴇuX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiɛuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kiæuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiawX/
Li Rong	/kjɛuX/
Wang Li	/kĭɛuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯ɛuX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiǎo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	giu2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k](r)[a]wʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*krewʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kjewX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k](r)[a]wʔ/
English	falsify
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矯
Reading #	1/1
No.	10335
Phonetic component	喬
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	矯
Old Chinese	/*krewʔ/

Definitions

矯

1. to correct; to rectify; to straighten out

   矯正／矫正  ―  jiǎozhèng  ―  to correct

   矯枉過正／矫枉过正  ―  jiǎowǎngguòzhèng  ―  to overcorrect

   • 今天下鍛甲摩劍，矯箭控弦，轉輸軍糧，未見休時，此天下所共憂也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     今天下锻甲摩剑，矫箭控弦，转输军粮，未见休时，此天下所共忧也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Jīn tiānxià duànjiǎ mójiàn, jiǎojiàn kòngxián, zhuǎnshū jūnliáng, wèi jiàn xiū shí, cǐ tiānxià suǒ gòng yōu yě. [Pinyin]

     Now, everyone is busy forging armours, sharpening swords, straightening arrows, drawing bowstrings, or transporting military provisions. Nobody has had any rest, and everyone is troubled by this.

2. to pretend; to falsify; to fake; to forge

   矯制／矫制  ―  jiǎozhì  ―  to falsify a government order

   • 魏王怒公子之盜其兵符，矯殺晉鄙，公子亦自知也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     魏王怒公子之盗其兵符，矫杀晋鄙，公子亦自知也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Wèiwáng nù gōngzǐ zhī dào qí bīngfú, jiǎo shā Jìn Bǐ, gōngzǐ yì zìzhī yě. [Pinyin]

     The King of Wei was angry with the prince who had stole his token of command and killed Jin Bi by false order, which the prince himself understood well.

3. to be pretentious; to be artificial with manners, emotions, etc.

   矯揉造作／矫揉造作  ―  jiǎoróuzàozuò  ―  to act in a pretentious manner

4. strong; powerful

   矯捷／矫捷  ―  jiǎojié  ―  strong and agile

   • 矯翼厲翮，恣意所存。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     矫翼厉翮，恣意所存。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: c. late 1st century BCE, Yang Xiong (揚雄), Retort to Ridicules (《解嘲》)

     Jiǎoyì lìhé, zìyì suǒcún. [Pinyin]

     Their wings forceful, their quills tidy,
     They act on whims, no matter where.

5. a surname

Compounds

企足矯首／企足矫首 夭矯／夭矫 夭矯離奇／夭矫离奇 拿矯／拿矫 曲心矯肚／曲心矫肚 矯世／矫世 矯世勵俗／矫世励俗 矯世變俗／矫世变俗 矯亢／矫亢 矯作／矫作 矯俗／矫俗 矯健／矫健 (jiǎojiàn) 矯制／矫制 矯厲／矫厉 矯命／矫命 矯孑／矫孑 矯形／矫形 (jiǎoxíng)

矯情／矫情 (jiǎoqíng) 矯情干譽／矫情干誉 矯情立異／矫情立异 矯情自飾／矫情自饰 矯情鎮物／矫情镇物 矯情飾行／矫情饰行 矯情飾詐／矫情饰诈 矯情飾貌／矫情饰貌 矯捷／矫捷 (jiǎojié) 矯揉／矫揉 矯揉造作／矫揉造作 (jiǎoróuzàozuò) 矯枉過正／矫枉过正 (jiǎowǎngguòzhèng) 矯枉過直／矫枉过直 矯正／矫正 (jiǎozhèng) 矯正處分／矫正处分 矯治／矫治 (jiǎozhì) 矯激奇詭／矫激奇诡

矯矯／矫矫 矯矯不群／矫矫不群 矯若游龍／矫若游龙 矯若遊龍／矫若游龙 矯若驚龍／矫若惊龙 矯虔／矫虔 矯言偽行／矫言伪行 矯託／矫托 矯詔／矫诏 (jiǎozhào) 矯誕／矫诞 矯誣／矫诬 矯邪歸正／矫邪归正 矯飾／矫饰 (jiǎoshì) 矯飾偽行／矫饰伪行 矯首／矫首 身手矯捷／身手矫捷

References

• “矯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

矯

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. rectify
2. straighten
3. correct
4. reform
5. cure
6. control
7. pretend
8. falsify

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kun: ためる (tameru, 矯める, Jōyō); いつわる (itsuwaru, 矯る)

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Korean

Hanja

矯 (eumhun 바로잡을 교 (barojabeul gyo))

1. Hanja form^? of 교 (“correct, rectify, straighten out”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

矯: Hán Nôm readings: kiểu, kẻo, kẽo, khéo, kéo, kĩu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.