短
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character
短 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition ⿰矢豆)
Derived characters
- 𢵦, 𬑵, 𫏰, 𥐆, 𥐋, 𥐇, 𥐍, 𧸒, 𥐏, 𪿏, 𬑸, 𥐐, 𥐔, 𬑶, 𥐒, 𥐉
References
- KangXi: page 824, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
- Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
- Unihan data for U+77ED
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 短 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | 𰦓 | |
| alternative forms | 𠭴 Min Nan | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (豆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 侸 | *toː |
| 剅 | *toː, *roː |
| 郖 | *toː, *doːs |
| 鬪 | *toːs |
| 鋀 | *tʰoː |
| 頭 | *doː |
| 豆 | *doːs |
| 逗 | *doːs, *dos |
| 痘 | *doːs |
| 梪 | *doːs |
| 脰 | *doːs |
| 荳 | *doːs |
| 浢 | *doːs |
| 餖 | *doːs |
| 毭 | *doːs |
| 豎 | *djoʔ |
| 裋 | *djoʔ |
| 短 | *toːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).
Etymology
The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:
- Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
- 端 (OC *tˤor) vs 瑞 (OC *[d]or-s)
- 算 (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
- 卵 (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
- Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with 斷 (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).
STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (“short”), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, “short (as in garment)”), and *dəw (“short”), whence Burmese တို (tui, “short”), Mizo tawi (“short”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
短
- short (of distance)
- Antonym: 長／长 (cháng)
- short (of time); brief
- (literary or Wu) short (in stature)
- 蓋帝堯長，帝舜短；文王長，周公短；仲尼長，子弓短。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
- Gài Dì Yáo cháng, Dì Shùn duǎn; Wénwáng cháng, Zhōugōng duǎn; Zhòngní cháng, Zǐgōng duǎn. [Pinyin]
- Emperor Yao was tall, but Emperor Shun was short; King Wen was tall, but the Duke of Zhou was short; Confucius was tall, but Zigong was short.
盖帝尧长，帝舜短；文王长，周公短；仲尼长，子弓短。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- deficient; lacking
- weakness; shortcoming; mistake
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 矮 (“short (in stature)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 矮 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 矮, 矬 |
| Taiwan | 矮 | |
| Tianjin | 矮, 矬 | |
| Chengde | 矮, 矬 | |
| Tangshan | 矮, 矬 | |
| Cangzhou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Baoding | 矬 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 矬 | |
| Chifeng | 矮, 矬 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 矮 | |
| Heihe | 矮, 矬 | |
| Qiqihar | 矮, 矬 | |
| Harbin | 矮, 矬 | |
| Jiamusi | 矮, 矬 | |
| Baicheng | 矮, 矬 | |
| Changchun | 矮, 矬 | |
| Tonghua | 矮, 矬 | |
| Shenyang | 矮, 矬 | |
| Dandong | 矮, 矬 | |
| Jinzhou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Dalian | 矮 | |
| Yantai | 矮, 矬 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 矮, 矬 | |
| Qingdao | 矮, 矬 | |
| Lijin | 矮, 矬 | |
| Zhucheng | 矮 | |
| Jinan | 矮, 矬 | |
| Jining | 矮 | |
| Wanrong | 低 | |
| Shangqiu | 矮, 矬 | |
| Zhengzhou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Lingbao | 矮, 矬 | |
| Xinyang | 矮 | |
| Baihe | 矮 | |
| Hanzhong | 矮 | |
| Xi'an | 矮, 矬, 低 | |
| Baoji | 矮 | |
| Yinchuan | 矮, 矬 | |
| Tianshui | 矮, 矬 | |
| Lanzhou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Dunhuang | 矮, 矬 | |
| Xining | 矮 | |
| Hami | 矬 | |
| Ürümqi | 矬, 矮 | |
| Wuhan | 矮 | |
| Yichang | 矮 | |
| Xiangyang | 矮 | |
| Tianmen | 矮, 矮矬 | |
| Hong'an | 矮 | |
| Chengdu | 矮 | |
| Nanchong | 矮 | |
| Dazhou | 矮 | |
| Hanyuan | 矮 | |
| Xichang | 矮 | |
| Zigong | 矮 | |
| Chongqing | 矮 | |
| Guiyang | 矮 | |
| Zunyi | 矮 | |
| Bijie | 矮 | |
| Liping | 矮 | |
| Zhaotong | 矮 | |
| Dali | 矮 | |
| Kunming | 矮 | |
| Mengzi | 矮 | |
| Guilin | 矮 | |
| Liuzhou | 矮 | |
| Jishou | 矮 | |
| Changde | 矮 | |
| Anqing | 矮 | |
| Xuzhou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Fuyang | 矮 | |
| Wuhu | 矮 | |
| Yangzhou | 矮 | |
| Lianyungang | 矮, 矬 | |
| Lianshui | 矮 | |
| Nanjing | 矮 | |
| Hefei | 矮 | |
| Nantong | 矮 | |
| Singapore | 矮 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 矮 |
| Hong Kong | 矮 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 矮 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 矮 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 矮 | |
| Taishan | 矮 | |
| Dongguan | 矮 | |
| Yangjiang | 矮 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 矮 |
| Lichuan | 矮 | |
| Pingxiang | 矮 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 矮 |
| Yudu | 矮 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 矮 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 矮 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 矮 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 矮 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 矮 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 矮 | |
| Hong Kong | 矮 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 矮 |
| Shexian | 矮 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 矮, 低 |
| Yangyuan | 矮, 矬 | |
| Datong | 低 | |
| Xinzhou | 矮, 低 | |
| Lishi | 矮 | |
| Linfen | 矬 | |
| Changzhi | 矮, 低 | |
| Linhe | 矬 | |
| Jining | 矬 | |
| Hohhot | 矬 | |
| Erenhot | 矮, 矬 | |
| Pingshan | 矬 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 矮, 矬 | |
| Handan | 矮, 矬 | |
| Linzhou | 矮 | |
| Suide | 矮 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 矮 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 矮 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 矮 |
| Quanzhou | 矮 | |
| Zhangzhou | 矮 | |
| Taipei | 矮 | |
| New Taipei (Tamsui) | 矮 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 矮 | |
| New Taipei (Pingxi) | 矮 | |
| Kaohsiung | 矮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 矮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 矮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 矮 | |
| Kaohsiung (Tianliao) | 矮 | |
| Yilan (Toucheng) | 矮 | |
| Tainan | 矮 | |
| Tainan (Anping) | 矮 | |
| Kinmen | 矮 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 矮 | |
| Penghu (Xiyu) | 矮 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 矮 | |
| Chaozhou | 矮 | |
| Haikou | 矮 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 矮 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 矮, 短 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 矮 | |
| Suzhou | 矮 | |
| Danyang | 矮 | |
| Hangzhou | 矮 | |
| Ningbo | 矮 | |
| Wenzhou | 矮 | |
| Jinhua | 短 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 矮 |
| Loudi | 矮 | |
| Shuangfeng | 矮 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 短
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References
- “Entry #8791”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
短
(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- short, brief
Readings
- Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
- Kun: みじかい (mijikai, 短い, Jōyō)
Compounds
Compounds
- 短音 (tan'on)
- 短歌 (tanka)
- 短気 (tanki)
- 短期 (tanki)
- 短距離 (tankyori)
- 短剣 (tanken)
- 短冊 (tanzaku)
- 短日 (tanjitsu)
- 短銃 (tanjū)
- 短所 (tansho)
- 短小 (tanshō)
- 短信 (tanshin)
- 短針 (tanshin)
- 短調 (tanchū)
- 短刀 (tantō)
- 短髪 (tanpatsu): short hair
- 短文 (tanbun)
- 短編 (tanpen)
- 短命 (tanmei)
- 短絡 (tanraku)
- 短慮 (tanryo)
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 短 |
| たん Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 短 (twanX, “short”).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) たん [táꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [tã̠ɴ]
Noun
短 • (tan)
- fault, weak point
- (music) minor
Antonyms
- 長 (chō)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
短 (eumhun 짧을 단 (jjalbeul dan))
- Hanja form? of 단 (“short”).
Compounds
- 단기간 (短期間, dan'gigan, “a short period”)
Vietnamese
Han character
短: Hán Nôm readings: đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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