矩

矩

See also: 榘

矩 U+77E9, 矩 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77E9 ← 矨 [U+77E8] CJK Unified Ideographs 矪 → [U+77EA]

Translingual

Han character

矩 (Kangxi radical 111, 矢+5 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 矢+4 in mainland China, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 人大尸尸 (OKSS), four-corner 8141₇ or 8181₇, composition ⿰矢巨)

Derived characters

• 𬄃, 榘, 𩰤

References

• KangXi: page 824, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23947
• Dae Jaweon: page 1236, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2582, character 2
• Unihan data for U+77E9

---

Chinese

trad.		矩
simp. #		矩

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
柜	*kaʔ
渠	*ɡa
磲	*ɡa
蕖	*ɡa
蟝	*ɡa
璖	*ɡa
巨	*ɡaʔ
距	*ɡaʔ
拒	*ɡaʔ
苣	*ɡaʔ
炬	*ɡaʔ
詎	*ɡaʔ, *ɡas
鉅	*ɡaʔ
秬	*ɡaʔ
粔	*ɡaʔ
駏	*ɡaʔ
歫	*ɡaʔ
矩	*kʷaʔ
榘	*kʷaʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʷaʔ) : semantic 矢 + phonetic 巨 (OC *ɡaʔ).

Etymology

“(physics) moment”

From the sense “square shape”; coined by Chinese translator Wu Guangjian in 1904, but not widely used then; in the 1930s, 矩 was chosen as the standard translation of moment by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China, and this word became more and more common than the former term 能率 (nénglǜ) (Wang, 2013).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jǔ (ju³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄩˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): geoi²
• Min Dong (BUC): gṳ̄
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): kír / kú / kí

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ge² / gu²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jyǔ
    • Wade–Giles: chü³
    • Yale: jyǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeu
    • Palladius: цзюй (czjuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: geoi²
    • Yale: géui
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goey²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɵy̯³⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̄
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ky³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kír
    • Tâi-lô: kír
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kú
    • Tâi-lô: kú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kuo
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /ku⁵³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí
    • Tâi-lô: kí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ge² / gu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳ́ / kú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯ⁵²/, /ku⁵²/

Note: gu2 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

---

• Middle Chinese: /kɨo^X/

Rime
Character	矩
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	俱雨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoX/
Pan Wuyun	/kioX/
Shao Rongfen	/kioX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuə̆X/
Li Rong	/kioX/
Wang Li	/kĭuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	geoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʷaʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矩
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kjuX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷ(r)aʔ/
English	carpenter"s square
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矩
Reading #	1/1
No.	7059
Phonetic component	巨
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	矩
Old Chinese	/*kʷaʔ/

Definitions

矩

1. ^† carpenter's square
2. square (shape)
3. rule; law
4. (physics) moment [from 1904]

   力矩  ―  lìjǔ  ―  torque

   磁矩  ―  cíjǔ  ―  magnetic moment

   Synonym: 能率 (nénglǜ) (obsolete)

5. (～州) (historical) Old name for 貴州／贵州 (Guìzhōu, “Guizhou”) during the Yuan dynasty.

Compounds

前矩 力矩 (lìjǔ) 矩尺 (jǔchǐ) 矩形 (jǔxíng) 矩教 矩步 矩步方行 矩矱 絜矩 裴矩 逾矩 (yújǔ) 不踰矩／不逾矩 中規中矩／中规中矩 (zhòngguīzhòngjǔ) 大家規矩／大家规矩 彠矩／彟矩 循規蹈矩／循规蹈矩 (xúnguīdǎojǔ)

應規蹈矩／应规蹈矩 方領矩步／方领矩步 死規矩兒／死规矩儿 沒規沒矩／没规没矩 沒規矩／没规矩 疊矩重規／叠矩重规 矩彠／矩彟 矩形體／矩形体 矩矱繩尺／矩矱绳尺 矩誨／矩诲 矩陣／矩阵 (jǔzhèn) 破矩為圓／破矩为圆 立規矩／立规矩 老規矩／老规矩 (lǎoguījǔ) 規圓矩方／规圆矩方 規矩／规矩 (guījǔ)

規矩準繩／规矩准绳 規矩繩墨／规矩绳墨 規矩鉤繩／规矩钩绳 規行矩止／规行矩止 規行矩步／规行矩步 規規矩矩／规规矩矩 (guīguījǔjǔ) 規言矩步／规言矩步 規重矩疊／规重矩叠 踰矩／逾矩 蹈矩循規／蹈矩循规 蹈規循矩／蹈规循矩 重規疊矩／重规叠矩 重規累矩／重规累矩 重規襲矩／重规袭矩 高曾規矩／高曾规矩

References

• “矩”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

---

Japanese

Kanji

矩

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): く (ku)
• Kun: さしがね (sashigane, 矩); かねざし (kanezashi); のり (nori, 矩)

Kanji in this term
矩
く Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• IPA^(key): [kɯ̟ᵝ]

Affix

矩(く) • (ku) 

1. carpenter's square
2. square (shape)
3. rule; law

Noun

矩(く) • (ku) 

1. (astronomy) quadrature

---

Korean

Hanja

矩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

矩: Hán Nôm readings: củ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.