矜

矜

矜 U+77DC, 矜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77DC ← 矛 [U+77DB] CJK Unified Ideographs 矝 → [U+77DD]

Translingual

Han character

矜 (Kangxi radical 110, 矛+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 弓竹人戈弓 (NHOIN), four-corner 1822₇, composition ⿰矛今)

Derived characters

• 㥤 㮗

References

• KangXi: page 822, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23852
• Dae Jaweon: page 1233, character 29
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2764, character 6
• Unihan data for U+77DC

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 矜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
貪	*kʰl'uːm
嗿	*l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋	*l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓	*qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠	*qʰɯːm
谽	*qʰɯːm
唅	*qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含	*ɡɯːm
肣	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷	*ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨	*ɡɯːm
梒	*ɡɯːm
鋡	*ɡɯːm
莟	*ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀	*ɡɯːms
浛	*ɡɯːms
盦	*qɯːm, *qaːb
韽	*qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪	*krɯːm
妗	*qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦	*qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐	*ɡram
鳹	*ɡram
雂	*ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念	*nɯːms
梣	*sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔	*sɢrɯm
岑	*sɡrɯm
笒	*sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔	*sɡrɯm
侺	*ɡjɯms
今	*krɯm
黅	*krɯm
衿	*krɯm
衾	*kʰrɯm
坅	*kʰrɯmʔ
搇	*kʰrɯms
琴	*ɡrɯm
禽	*ɡrɯm
芩	*ɡrɯm
庈	*ɡrɯm
耹	*ɡrɯm
靲	*ɡrɯm
擒	*ɡrɯm
檎	*ɡrɯm
紟	*ɡrɯms
吟	*ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡	*ŋɡrɯm
廞	*qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰	*qrɯm
霠
飲	*qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭	*qrɯms
廕	*qrɯms
矜	*ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn).

Etymology 1

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīn (jin¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / khim

  (Teochew, Peng'im): geng¹ / gêng¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jin
    • Wade–Giles: chin¹
    • Yale: jīn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jin
    • Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ging¹
    • Yale: gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng / khim
    • Tâi-lô: king / khim
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng, qym
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/, /kʰim³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /kʰim⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: geng¹ / gêng¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kṳng / keng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɯŋ³³/, /keŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨŋ/

Rime
Character	矜
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居陵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kieŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiŋ/
Li Rong	/kiəŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭəŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯əŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k-riŋ/, /*k-riŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kɯŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīn	jīn
Middle Chinese	‹ king ›	‹ king ›
Old Chinese	/*k-riŋ/ (dialect: *k-r- > k-, *-iŋ > MC -ing)	/*k-riŋ/
English	pity (v.)	boastful
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矜
Reading #	3/3
No.	6631
Phonetic component	今
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	兢
Old Chinese	/*kɯŋ/

Definitions

矜

1. to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for

Compounds

不矜 不矜不伐 可矜 哀矜 (āijīn) 恃才矜己 棘矜 矜人 (jīnrén) 矜伐 矜免 矜功 矜功不立 矜功伐善 矜功自伐 矜名嫉能 矜哀 矜己任智 矜式 矜恤 (jīnxù) 矜惜

矜愍 矜持 (jīnchí) 矜矜 矜育 (jīnyù) 矜重 自矜 (zìjīn) 不矜名節／不矜名节 不矜細行／不矜细行 剛而自矜／刚而自矜 奮矜／奋矜 好自矜誇／好自矜夸 弔詭矜奇／吊诡矜奇 矜功恃寵／矜功恃宠 矜功負勝／矜功负胜 矜功負氣／矜功负气 矜奇立異／矜奇立异 矜寵／矜宠 矜己自飾／矜己自饰 矜張／矜张

矜張顯著／矜张显著 矜憫／矜悯 矜才使氣／矜才使气 矜智負能／矜智负能 矜滿／矜满 矜矜業業／矜矜业业 矜糾收繚／矜纠收缭 矜能負才／矜能负才 矜莊／矜庄 矜誇／矜夸 (jīnkuā) 矜貧恤獨／矜贫恤独 矜貧救厄／矜贫救厄 矜貴／矜贵 (jīnguì) 矜鑒／矜鉴 矜飾／矜饰 驕矜／骄矜 (jiāojīn) 驕矜狂妄／骄矜狂妄 驕矜自喜／骄矜自喜

Etymology 2

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜
alternative forms		𥎊

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪn/, /ɡɨn/

Rime
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	眞 (44)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	巨巾切	巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪn/	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚin/	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡien/	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjin/	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡjĕn/	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡǐĕn/	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ĕn/	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan4	kan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɡriŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯn/, /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	矜
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gin ›
Old Chinese	/*ɡriŋ/
English	kind of lance
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	矜	矜
Reading #	1/3	2/3
No.	6629	6630
Phonetic component	今	今
Rime group	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	𥎊	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯn/	/*ɡɯn/
Notes	𥎊下注古體	𥎊下注古體

Definitions

矜

1. ^† handle of a spear

Etymology 3

trad.		矜
simp. #		矜

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guān (guan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹
    • Yale: gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵/

Definitions

矜

1. ^† Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”).
2. ^† Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”).

Compounds

矜寡孤獨／矜寡孤独

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Japanese

Kanji

矜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. pride
2. respect

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō); けん (ken); ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: かん (kan); きょう (kyō); きん (kin)
• Kan’yō-on: きん (kin)
• Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 矜れむ); つつしむ (tsutsushimu, 矜む); ほこる (hokoru, 矜る)

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Korean

Hanja

矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)

1. pity
2. feel sorry for
3. show sympathy for