皮膚

皮膚

See also: 皮肤

Chinese

		leather; skin; fur	skin
trad. (皮膚)		皮	膚
simp. (皮肤)		皮	肤
anagram		膚皮／肤皮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): pífū

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˊ ㄈㄨ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): пифу (pifu, I-II)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): pei⁴ fu¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): pei³ fu¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phì-fû
• Min Dong (BUC): puòi-hŭ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): phê-hu / phêr-hu / phôe-hu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): puê⁵ hu¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): bi fu (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pífū
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˊ ㄈㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pífu
    • Wade–Giles: pʻi²-fu¹
    • Yale: pí-fū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyifu
    • Palladius: пифу (pifu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi³⁵ fu⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: пифу (pifu, I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰi²⁴ fou⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: pei⁴ fu¹
    • Yale: pèih fū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: pei⁴ fu¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: péi⁴ fu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei̯²¹ fuː⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: pei³ fu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰei²² fu³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phì-fû
    • Hakka Romanization System: piˇ fu´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pi² fu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰi¹¹ fu²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: puòi-hŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰui⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(h-)u⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phê-hu
    • Tâi-lô: phê-hu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phe'hw
    • IPA (Philippines): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu³³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pʰe²⁴⁻¹¹ hu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pʰe²⁴⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêr-hu
    • Tâi-lô: phêr-hu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰə²⁴⁻²² hu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phôe-hu
    • Tâi-lô: phuê-hu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phoe'hw
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰue²³⁻³³ hu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰue¹³⁻²² hu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: puê⁵ hu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phuê hu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰue⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hu³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: bi fu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥i²² fv̩ʷ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /bˠiᴇ  pɨo/

Rime
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	符羈切	甫無切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠiᴇ/	/pɨo/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚiɛ/	/pio/
Shao Rongfen	/biɛ/	/pio/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bjiə̆/	/puə̆/
Li Rong	/bje/	/pio/
Wang Li	/bǐe/	/pĭu/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱie̯/	/pi̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pí	fū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	pei4	fu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-[p](r)aj  pra/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bral  pla/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pí	fū
Middle Chinese	‹ bje ›	‹ pju ›
Old Chinese	/*m-[p](r)aj/	/*pra/
English	skin	skin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皮	膚
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9711	5275
Phonetic component	皮	虍
Rime group	歌	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	皮	跗
Old Chinese	/*bral/	/*pla/

Noun

皮膚

1. skin; dermis

   皮膚移植／皮肤移植  ―  pífū yízhí  ―  skin graft

   皮膚真菌／皮肤真菌  ―  pífū zhēnjūn  ―  dermatophyte

   皮膚激光治療／皮肤激光治疗  ―  pífū jīguāng zhìliáo  ―  laser skin treatment

   皮膚損傷／皮肤损伤  ―  pífū sǔnshāng  ―  skin lesion

   皮膚乾燥／皮肤干燥  ―  pífū gānzào  ―  dry skin

2. (graphical user interface) skin
3. (video games) skin (alternative outfit for a game character)

Synonyms

• (skin):

  (dialectal) 肉皮 (ròupí)

  (Sichuan) 皮子 (pízi), 皮皮

  (Jin) 肉皮子

Derived terms

皮膚炎／皮肤炎 (pífūyán) 皮膚病／皮肤病 (pífūbìng)

皮膚癌／皮肤癌 (pífū'ái) 皮膚科／皮肤科 (pífūkē)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (皮膚):

• → Japanese: 皮膚(ひふ) (hifu)
• → Korean: 피부(皮膚) (pibu)
• → Vietnamese: bì phu (皮膚)

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Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term
皮	膚
ひ Grade: 3	ふ Grade: S
kan’on	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
皮フ

First attested in 717.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひ​ふ [híꜜfù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
• (Tokyo) ひふ [hìfú] (Heiban – [0])[3]
• IPA^(key): [çiɸɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

皮(ひ)膚(ふ) • (hifu) 

1. [from 717] (anatomy) skin

   Synonyms: 皮 (kawa), 肌 (hada)

2. [from 1650] exterior surface

   Synonym: 外面 (gaimen)

References

1. “皮膚”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
皮	膚

Noun

皮膚 • (pibu) (hangeul 피부)

1. Hanja form^? of 피부 (“skin”).