百足

百足

Chinese

		hundred	foot; to be sufficient
simp. and trad. (百足)		百	足

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎizú

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): baak³ zuk¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): bak⁵ lhuuk²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎizú
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄗㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎizú
    • Wade–Giles: pai³-tsu²
    • Yale: bǎi-dzú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baetzwu
    • Palladius: байцзу (bajczu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ t͡su³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: baak³ zuk¹
    • Yale: baak jūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ dzuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag³ zug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³ t͡sʊk̚⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: bak⁵ lhuuk²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pak̚³² ɬɵk̚⁵⁵/

Noun

百足

1. (literary or Cantonese, Pinghua) centipede (Classifier: 條／条 c)
2. (literary) millipede; diplopod

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 蜈蚣 (“centipede”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蜈蚣, 百足, 螂蛆
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		蜈蚣
Mandarin	Beijing	蜈蚣
	Taiwan	蜈蚣
	Tianjin	蜈蚣
	Harbin	蜈蚣
	Yantai (Muping)	蜈蚣
	Jinan	蜈蚣
	Luoyang	蜈蚣
	Wanrong	千把子
	Xi'an	蜈蚣
	Yinchuan	毛扎扎
	Xining	蜈蚣
	Ürümqi	蜈蚣
	Wuhan	蜈蚣, 多腳蟲
	Chengdu	蜈蚣蟲, 蜈蚣, 雷蚣蟲
	Guiyang	蜈蚣蟲
	Guilin	蜈蚣
	Liuzhou	蜈蚣
	Xuzhou	蜈蚣
	Yangzhou	百腳
	Nanjing	蜈蚣
	Hefei	蜈蚣
	Nantong	百腳
	Singapore	蜈蚣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	百足, 雞蟲
	Hong Kong	百足, 蜈蚣
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	百足
	Foshan	百足
	Foshan (Shunde)	百足
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	百足
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	百足
	Taishan	百足
	Kaiping (Chikan)	百足
	Dongguan	炮足
	Shaoguan	百足
	Yunfu	百足
	Yangjiang	百足
	Xinyi	百足
	Lianjiang	百足
	Nanning	百足
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	百足
Gan	Nanchang	蜈蚣, 蜈蚣蟲
	Lichuan	籠蚣
	Pingxiang	蜈蚣查
Hakka	Meixian	蜈蚣蟲
	Xingning	蜈蚣蟲
	Huidong (Daling)	蜈蚣蜞
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	蜈蚣蟲
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	蜈蚣
	Changting	蜈蚣蟲
	Wuping	蜈蚣農
	Wuping (Pingyu)	蜈蚣蟲
	Liancheng	蜈蚣蟲
	Ninghua	籠空蛇
	Yudu	蜈蚣蟲
	Ruijin	蜈蚣蟲
	Shicheng	蜈蚣蟲
	Shangyou (Shexi)	蜈蚣蟲
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	蜈蚣蟲
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	蜈蚣蟲
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	蜈蚣蟲
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	蜈蚣蟲, 𧿞蟲
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	蜈蚣蟲
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	蜈蚣, 蜈蚣蟲
	Hong Kong	蜈蚣蟲
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	蜈蚣蟲
	Sabah (Longchuan)	蜈蚣蟲
	Senai (Huiyang)	蜈蚣蟲
	Singkawang	蜈蚣蟲
Huizhou	Jixi	蜈蚣
Jin	Taiyuan	蜈蚣, 錢串子
	Xinzhou	蜈蚣
Min Bei	Jian'ou	蛇蚣
Min Dong	Fuzhou	紅蚣
	Fuqing	蜈蚣
Min Nan	Xiamen	蜈蚣
	Quanzhou	蜈蚣
	Zhangzhou	蜈蚣
	Taipei	蜈蚣
	Kaohsiung	蜈蚣
	Yilan	蜈蚣
	Changhua (Lukang)	蜈蚣
	Taichung	蜈蚣
	Taichung (Wuqi)	蜈蚣
	Tainan	蜈蚣
	Taitung	蜈蚣
	Hsinchu	蜈蚣
	Penghu (Magong)	蜈蚣
	Penang (Hokkien)	蜈蚣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	蜈蚣
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	蜈蚣
	Chaozhou	蜈蚣
	Shantou	蜈蚣
	Jieyang	蜈蚣
	Haifeng	蜈蚣
	Bangkok (Teochew)	蜈蚣
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蜈蚣
	Singapore (Teochew)	蜈蚣
	Pontianak (Teochew)	蜈蚣
	Leizhou	蜈蚣
	Haikou	蜈蚣
Puxian Min	Putian	蜈蚣
	Putian (Donghai)	蜈蚣
	Putian (Jiangkou)	蜈蚣
	Putian (Nanri)	蜈蚣
	Xianyou	蜈蚣
	Xianyou (Fengting)	蜈蚣
	Xianyou (Youyang)	蜈蚣
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	百足
Wu	Shanghai	百腳, 蜈蚣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	紅蚣
	Suzhou	百腳
	Danyang	百腳
	Hangzhou	蜈蚣
	Ningbo	蜈蚣, 百腳
	Wenzhou	蜈蚣
	Jinhua	芒蚣
Xiang	Changsha	蜈蚣, 蜈蚣蟲
	Loudi	蜈蚣蟲
	Shuangfeng	蜈蚣蟲
	Quanzhou	蜈蚣

• (millipede):

edit

Synonyms of 百足

商蚷 千腳蟲／千脚虫 (qiānjiǎochóng) 千足蟲／千足虫 (qiānzúchóng) 火車蟲／火车虫 (Malaysia Hokkien) 秤桿蟲／秤杆虫 (chènggǎnchóng)

香油蟲／香油虫 馬蚰／马蚰 馬蚿／马蚿 馬蠲／马蠲 馬陸／马陆 (mǎlù)

---

Japanese

百足 (mukade, hyakusoku): a centipede.

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百	足
むかで
Grade: 1	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
蜈蚣 蜈蜙 蝍蛆

From Old Japanese, of unknown derivation; some theories include:

1. a compound of 向かい (mukai, “facing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 向かう (mukau, “to face”)) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”), as the centipede's feet come in facing pairs
2. a compound of 六 (mu, “six”) +‎ 十 (ka, “ten”, unusual reading; compare the ga in 五十嵐 (igarashi)) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”), literally "sixty hands"; centipedes have more or less than one hundred legs
3. starting as a compound of 百 (momo, “hundred”) +‎ が (ga, ancient possessive particle) +‎ 手 (te, “hand”), shifting phonetically: /momo ɡa te/ → /mukade/

While the latter two theories seem plausible semantically, the devoicing of ga to ka is quite unusual.

The kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓), from Chinese 百足.

Pronunciation

• (Irregular reading)
• (Tokyo) むかで [mùkádé] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝka̠de̞]

Noun

百足(むかで) • (mukade)  (standard)
(alternative reading hiragana むかぜ, rōmaji mukaze) (Kagoshima dialect)

1. a centipede

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ムカデ.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百	足
ひゃく Grade: 1	そく Grade: 1
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 百足 (MC pˠæk̚ t͡sɨok̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) ひゃくそく [hyàkúsókú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ça̠kɯ̟ᵝso̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

百(ひゃく)足(そく) • (hyakusoku) 

1. (rare) a centipede

Usage notes

The mukade reading is much more common.

See also

• 馬陸(やすで) (yasude, “a millipede”)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

• Etymology at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)
• Etymology at Nihon Jiten (in Japanese)

---

Miyako

Alternative forms

• 蜈蚣

Noun

百足 (hiragana んかじ, romaji nkaji)

1. a centipede

---

Oki-No-Erabu

Alternative forms

• 蜈蚣

Noun

百足 (hiragana むかじ, romaji mukaji)

1. a centipede

---

Toku-No-Shima

Alternative forms

• 蜈蚣

Noun

百足 (hiragana ぬかで, romaji nukade)

1. a centipede