發明

發明

See also: 発明 and 发明

Chinese

		to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue to send out; to show (one's feeling); to issue; to develop	clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty
trad. (發明)		發	明
simp. (发明)		发	明

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fāmíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚ ㄇㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): faat³ ming⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fat² men³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fat-mìn
• Min Dong (BUC): huák-mìng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoat-bêng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huêg⁴ mêng⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fāmíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: famíng
    • Wade–Giles: fa¹-ming²
    • Yale: fā-míng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: faming
    • Palladius: фамин (famin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fä⁵⁵ miŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: faat³ ming⁴
    • Yale: faat mìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faat⁸ ming⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fad³ ming⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faːt̚³ mɪŋ²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 法名 發明／发明

  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fat² men³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fat̚⁵⁵ ᵐben²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fat-mìn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fad` minˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fad⁵ min²
    • Sinological IPA: /fat̚² min¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: huák-mìng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaʔ²⁴⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoat-bêng
    • Tâi-lô: huat-bîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoatbeeng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚⁵⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚³²⁻⁵ biɪŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚³²⁻⁴ biɪŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: huêg⁴ mêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huek mêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huek̚²⁻⁴ meŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /pʉɐt̚  mˠiæŋ/

Rime
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	元 (68)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	方伐切	武兵切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʉɐt̚/	/mˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɐt̚/	/mᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/piuɐt̚/	/miaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puat̚/	/miajŋ/
Li Rong	/piuɐt̚/	/miɐŋ/
Wang Li	/pĭwɐt̚/	/mĭɐŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯wɐt̚/	/mi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fa	míng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	faat3	ming4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.pat  mraŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pad  mraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fā	míng
Middle Chinese	‹ pjot ›	‹ mjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.pat/	/*mraŋ/
English	fly forth, send forth	bright
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	發	明
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	164	9188
Phonetic component	癹	明
Rime group	月	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	髮	明
Old Chinese	/*pad/	/*mraŋ/

Verb

發明

1. to invent

   中國人發明了指南針、火藥、造紙和印刷術，這些被稱為中國四大發明。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国人发明了指南针、火药、造纸和印刷术，这些被称为中国四大发明。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguórén fāmíng le zhǐnánzhēn, huǒyào, zàozhǐ hé yìnshuāshù, zhèxiē bèi chēngwéi Zhōngguó Sì Dà Fāmíng. [Pinyin]

   The Chinese invented the compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing. They are known as the Four Great Chinese Inventions.

2. to expound
3. (Classical Chinese) to enlighten; to inspire
4. (Classical Chinese) to show; to prove
5. (Korean Classical Chinese) to make excuses; to claim an alibi; to lie

   • 申檣、尹淮、鄭招等以爲：「憲府啓辭明白，而陞之上書，無所發明，宜勿復辨。」 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Journal of the Royal Secretariat), 1431

     (please add an English translation of this example)

   • 其謀逆之書，吾見之，汝何敢發明乎？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1730

     Gi moyeok ji seo, o gyeon ji, yeo ha gam balmyeong ho? [Sino-Korean]

     As for those documents of treason, I have seen them myself! So how do you dare lie?

   • 汝言八月以前，無上京事，其果爲發明之端乎？ [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《朝鮮王朝實錄》 (Joseon Veritable Records), 1733

     Yeo eon par-wol ijeon, mu sanggyeong sa, gi gwa wi balmyeong ji dan ho? [Sino-Korean]

     You say that before the eighth month, there is no time when you have come to the capital. Does that truly suffice to make an alibi?

Noun

發明

1. invention (Classifier: 個／个 m; 項／项 m)
2. (mythology) a kind of legendary bird from the east

   See also: 鷦明, 鷫鷞, 幽昌

Derived terms

四大發明／四大发明 (Sì Dà Fāmíng) 發明權／发明权

需要是發明之母／需要是发明之母 (xūyào shì fāmíng zhī mǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (發明):

• → Japanese: 発明(はつめい) (hatsumei)
• → Korean: 발명(發明) (balmyeong)
• → Vietnamese: phát minh (發明)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
發	明
はつ Hyōgaiji	めい Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

發(はつ)明(めい) • (hatsumei)  (kyūjitai, shinjitai 発明)

1. Kyūjitai form of 発明 (“invention”)

Verb

發(はつ)明(めい)する • (hatsumei suru) suru (stem 發(はつ)明(めい)し (hatsumei shi), past 發(はつ)明(めい)した (hatsumei shita), kyūjitai, shinjitai 発明)

1. Kyūjitai form of 発明 (“to invent”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "發明する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	發明し	はつめいし	hatsumei shi
Continuative (連用形)	發明し	はつめいし	hatsumei shi
Terminal (終止形)	發明する	はつめいする	hatsumei suru
Attributive (連体形)	發明する	はつめいする	hatsumei suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	發明すれ	はつめいすれ	hatsumei sure
Imperative (命令形)	發明せよ¹ 發明しろ²	はつめいせよ¹ はつめいしろ²	hatsumei seyo¹ hatsumei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	發明される	はつめいされる	hatsumei sareru
Causative	發明させる 發明さす	はつめいさせる はつめいさす	hatsumei saseru hatsumei sasu
Potential	發明できる	はつめいできる	hatsumei dekiru
Volitional	發明しよう	はつめいしよう	hatsumei shiyō
Negative	發明しない	はつめいしない	hatsumei shinai
Negative continuative	發明せず	はつめいせず	hatsumei sezu
Formal	發明します	はつめいします	hatsumei shimasu
Perfective	發明した	はつめいした	hatsumei shita
Conjunctive	發明して	はつめいして	hatsumei shite
Hypothetical conditional	發明すれば	はつめいすれば	hatsumei sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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Korean

Hanja in this term
發	明

Noun

發明 • (balmyeong) (hangeul 발명)

1. Hanja form^? of 발명 (“invention; (archaic) elucidation, explanation; excuse”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
發	明

Noun

發明

1. chữ Hán form of phát minh (“invention”).

Verb

發明

1. chữ Hán form of phát minh (“to invent”).