発条

発条

See also: 發條

Japanese

Etymology 1

発条 (bane): a pair of helical springs.

Kanji in this term
発	条
ばね
Grade: 3	Grade: 5
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (rare) 弾機 (rare)

Shift from 跳ね (hane, “jumping, springing”), the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 跳(は)ねる (haneru, “to jump, to spring”)..[1][2][3]

First cited to 1888.[3]

The kanji are jukujikun and not commonly seen in modern usage. This term is usually written in hiragana.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ば​ね [báꜜnè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][4]
• IPA^(key): [ba̠ne̞]

Noun

発条(ばね) • (bane) 

1. [from 1888] spring (device made of flexible material)
2. [from 1897] (by extension) springiness, bounce, resilience (such as physical or emotional)

   弾力(ばね)強(つよ)き心(こころ)の二(じ)郎(ろう)は...

   bane tsuyoki kokoro no Jirō ha

   Jirō of the heart of strong resilience → Jirō of the resilient heart...

   Synonym: 弾力性 (danryokusei)

3. [date uncertain] (uncommon, possibly dated, figurative) a springboard, spark, or catalyst leading to some other change

   住(じゅう)民(みん)運(うん)動(どう)がばねとなって基(き)地(ち)が撤(てっ)去(きょ)された

   jūmin undō ga bane to natte kichi ga tekkyo sareta

   With the protests by residents as the catalyst, the base was shut down

Etymology 2

発条 (zenmai): the spiral torsion spring of an alarm clock.

Kanji in this term
発	条
ぜんまい
Grade: 3	Grade: 5
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
發條 (kyūjitai) 撥条 (uncommon)

Shift in meaning from 薇 (zenmai, “Japanese flowering fern”), from the visual resemblance of a coiled clockwork spring to a coiled fern fiddlehead.[5]

First cited to 1732.[5]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ぜんまい [zèńmáí] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][6]
• IPA^(key): [d͡zẽ̞mːa̠i]

Noun

発条(ぜんまい) • (zenmai) 

1. [from 1732] spring (device made of flexible material), specifically the spiral torsion kind commonly used in clockwork that is coiled into a disc shape like a fern fiddlehead

   時計のぜんまいが緩(ゆる)んだ

   時計 no zenmai ga yurunda

   the clock's spring wound down

   Synonyms: 薇発条 (zenmai bane, literally “fiddlehead-fern spring”), 渦巻発条 (uzumaki bane, literally “whirlpool spring”)

2. [from 1812] (possibly dated) Short for 発条仕掛 (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”).

Derived terms

• 発条(ぜんまい)仕(じ)掛(かけ) (zenmai-jikake, “clockwork mechanism, clockwork”)
• 発条(ぜんまい)秤(ばかり) (zenmai-bakari, “spring scale”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
発	条
はつ Grade: 3	じょう Grade: 5
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
發條 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift in reading of 発条 (bane), adopting the common on'yomi of the individual kanji characters. Possibly a learned borrowing from Chinese 發條.

First cited to 1879.[7]

発 is a daiyōji replacing 撥

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) はつじょー [hàtsújóó] (Heiban – [0])[2][4][6]
• (Tokyo) はつ​じょー [hàtsúꜜjòò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2][4][6]
• IPA^(key): [ha̠t͡sɨᵝʑo̞ː]

Noun

発(はつ)条(じょう) • (hatsujō) ^{←はつでう (fatudeu)?}

1. [from 1879] spring (device made of flexible material)
2. [from 1961] a motivation or catalyst leading to some other change

References

1. 1998, 広辞苑 (Kōjien), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. “発条・撥条・弾機”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
5. “発条・撥条”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
6. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
7. “発条”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN