瘈

瘈

瘈 U+7608, 瘈 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7608 ← 瘇 [U+7607] CJK Unified Ideographs 瘉 → [U+7609]

Translingual

Han character

瘈 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 大手竹大 (KQHK), four-corner 0013₄, composition ⿸疒契)

References

• KangXi: page 776, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22317
• Dae Jaweon: page 1186, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2682, character 18
• Unihan data for U+7608

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲) : semantic 疒 (“illness; disease”) + phonetic 契 (OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd).

Etymology 1

trad.		瘈
simp. #		瘈
alternative forms		狾

Sagart (2021c) revises the Old Chinese reconstruction as *k(ə)-tet-s, from non-finite prefix *k(ə)- + a root *tet-s (“to bite”), from which 噬 (OC *m-tet-s, “to bite”) also derives.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhì, jì (zhi⁴, ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ, ㄐㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zai³, gai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyh
    • Palladius: чжи (čži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zai³, gai³
    • Yale: jai, gai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzai³, gai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zei³, gei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐi̯³³/, /kɐi̯³³/

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• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ke[t]-s/, /*ke[t]-s/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瘈	瘈
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jì	zhì
Middle Chinese	‹ kjiejH ›	‹ tsyejH ›
Old Chinese	/*ke[t]-s/ (dialect: no palatalization)	/*ke[t]-s/
English	mad (dog)	mad (dog)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

瘈

1. (dated, of dogs) mad; rabid

   • 十一月甲午，國人逐瘈狗；瘈狗入於華臣氏，國人從之。華臣懼，遂奔陳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     十一月甲午，国人逐瘈狗；瘈狗入于华臣氏，国人从之。华臣惧，遂奔陈。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Shíyīyuè Jiǎwǔ, guórén zhú jì gǒu; jì gǒu rù yú Huà Chén shì, guórén cóng zhī. Huà Chén jù, suì bēn Chén. [Pinyin]

     On the day of Jia-Wu of the eleventh month, the citizens (of Song) was chasing away a rabid dog. The dog ran unto the estates of Hua Chen, wither the men followed. Afraid, Hua Chen fled to (the State of) Chen.

   • 國狗之瘈，無不噬也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     国狗之瘈，无不噬也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Guó gǒu zhī jì, wú bù shì yě. [Pinyin]

     When the best dog of the land becomes mad, there is nothing or nobody that it won't bite.

Compounds

瘈狗

Etymology 2

trad.		瘈
simp. #		瘈

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chì, qì (chi⁴, qi⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˋ, ㄑㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kai³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chì
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chìh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih⁴
    • Yale: chr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyh
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qì
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cì
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
    • Yale: chì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kai³
    • Yale: kai
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kai³
    • Guangdong Romanization: kei³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐi̯³³/

Definitions

瘈

1. Used in 瘈瘲／瘈疭 (chìzòng).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02779
• “瘈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

瘈

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): けい (kei), せい (sei)
• Kun: くるう (kuruu)

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Korean

Hanja

瘈 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.