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单词 痴
释义

痴

See also: 癡
痴 U+75F4, 痴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F4
← 痳
[U+75F3]		CJK Unified Ideographs痵 →
[U+75F5]

Translingual

Han character

痴 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大人大口 (KOKR), four-corner 00160, composition ⿸疒知)

References

  • KangXi: page 774, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2681, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+75F4

Chinese

trad.痴/癡
simp.痴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘*l'eds
璏*l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙*l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知*ʔl'e
蜘*te
智*ʔl'es
鼅*te
潪*teɡs, *deɡ
踟*de
雉*l'iʔ
矢*hliʔ
痴*l̥ʰɯ

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chī (chi1)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ci1
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhṳ̂
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ci1
  • Min Dong (BUC): chĭ
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhi / thi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ci1
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tshr (T1)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: chī
      • Zhuyin: ㄔ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: chih
      • Wade–Giles: chʻih1
      • Yale: chr̄
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chy
      • Palladius: чи (či)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ci1
      • Yale: chī
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsi1
      • Guangdong Romanization: qi1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhṳ̂
      • Hakka Romanization System: cii´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ci1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɨ²⁴/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ci1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰz̩⁴⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chĭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhi
      • Tâi-lô: tshi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chy
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /t͡ɕʰi³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰi⁴⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thi
      • Tâi-lô: thi
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ty
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰi³³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰi⁴⁴/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ci1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshi
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰi³³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tshr (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ʈʰɨ/
Rime
Character痴
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)徹 (10)
Final (韻)之 (19)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie丑之切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ʈʰɨ/
Pan
Wuyun		/ʈʰɨ/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȶʰie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ʈʰɨ/
Li
Rong		/ȶʰiə/
Wang
Li		/ȶʰĭə/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȶʰi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		chī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ci1
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character痴
Reading #1/1
No.11505
Phonetic
component		矢
Rime
group		之
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		癡
Old
Chinese		/*l̥ʰɯ/

Definitions

痴

  1. foolish; stupid; dumb; silly
  2. infatuated; crazy about
  3. (Buddhism) moha, delusion, ignorance
  4. (Classical Chinese or dialectal) mad; insane

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 瘋 (“mad; crazy; insane”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese痴, 狂, 癲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)瘋, 狂, 瘋癲, 瘋狂
MandarinBeijing瘋
Taiwan瘋
Yantai (Muping)痴
Luoyang瘋
Xi'an瘋
Ürümqi瘋
Guiyang瘋
Liuzhou癲
Yangzhou瘋
Singapore神經病, 有毛病
CantoneseGuangzhou癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋
Hong Kong癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)癲, 黐線
Penang (Guangfu)癲, 黐線
Singapore (Guangfu)癲, 黐線
GanNanchang瘋
HakkaMeixian癲
Min DongFuzhou癲
Min NanXiamen痟
Quanzhou痟
Yongchun痟
Zhangzhou痟, 魔
Zhao'an痟
Taipei痟 GT
Penang (Hokkien)痟
Singapore (Hokkien)痟
Manila (Hokkien)痟
Chaozhou痟
Shantou痟
Shantou (Chenghai)痟
Shantou (Chaoyang)痟
Jieyang痟
Haifeng癲
Singapore (Teochew)痟
Leizhou痟神
Wenchang發痟
Singapore (Hainanese)發痟
WuShanghai痴
Shanghai (Chongming)痴
Danyang瘋
Hangzhou瘋
Wenzhou癲
Jinhua癲
XiangLoudi瘋
NoteGT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (痴):
  • → Japanese: 痴(ち) (chi)
  • → Korean: 치(痴) (chi)
  • → Vietnamese: si (痴)

Compounds

  • 一片痴心
  • 似醉如痴
  • 呢呢痴痴
  • 墨痴
  • 如痴似醉
  • 如痴如狂
  • 如痴如迷
  • 如痴如醉 (rúchīrúzuì)
  • 如醉如痴 (rúzuìrúchī)
  • 妍皮痴骨
  • 小黠大痴
  • 情痴
  • 愚痴 (yúchī)
  • 懵懂痴呆
  • 獃痴
  • 男痴
  • 痴人 (chīrén)
  • 痴人痴福
  • 痴倒
  • 痴傻
  • 痴叔
  • 痴呆 (chīdāi)
  • 痴呆懵懂
  • 痴呆症 (chīdāizhèng)
  • 痴姑娘
  • 痴姨
  • 痴子
  • 痴心 (chīxīn)
  • 痴心妄想 (chīxīnwàngxiǎng)
  • 痴情 (chīqíng)
  • 痴想 (chīxiǎng)
  • 痴搭搭
  • 痴然如醉
  • 痴物
  • 痴狂 (chīkuáng)
  • 痴獃
  • 痴男怨女 (chīnányuànnǚ)
  • 痴痴
  • 痴福
  • 痴笑 (chīxiào)
  • 痴肥 (chīféi)
  • 痴迷 (chīmí)
  • 痴那
  • 白痴 (báichī)
  • 花痴 (huāchī)
  • 音痴 (yīnchī)
  • 半痴不顛／半痴不颠
  • 如痴如夢／如痴如梦
  • 嬌痴／娇痴
  • 撒嬌撒痴／撒娇撒痴
  • 撒風撒痴／撒风撒痴
  • 書痴／书痴
  • 痴人說夢／痴人说梦 (chīrénshuōmèng)
  • 痴兒／痴儿
  • 痴子望天坍，窮人望民反／痴子望天坍，穷人望民反
  • 痴心女子負心漢／痴心女子负心汉
  • 痴掙／痴挣
  • 痴漢／痴汉 (chīhàn)
  • 痴蟲／痴虫
  • 痴鈍／痴钝
  • 痴長／痴长
  • 痴頑／痴顽
  • 痴頭怪腦／痴头怪脑
  • 痴騃／痴𫘤
  • 發痴／发痴
  • 詅痴符／𰵚痴符
  • 貪夫痴客／贪夫痴客
  • 賣痴獃／卖痴獃
  • 風痴／风痴 (fēngchī)

Japanese

Kanji

Shinjitai

痴

Kyūjitai

癡
痴

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 癡)

Readings

  • Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おこ (oko, 痴)←をこ (woko, historical); しれる (shireru, 痴れる)←しれる (sireru, historical)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
痴
ち
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
癡 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC ʈʰɨ). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).

The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ち​ [chíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕi]

Noun

痴(ち) • (chi)  (kyūjitai 癡)

  1. foolishness, stupidity
  2. (Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas

Affix

痴(ち) • (chi)  (kyūjitai 癡)

  1. foolish, stupid
  2. senseless, mad
  3. craze, obsession
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 痴(ち)漢(かん) (chikan)
  • 痴(ち)言(げん) (chigen)
  • 痴(ち)女(じょ) (chijo)
  • 痴(ち)情(じょう) (chijō)
  • 痴(ち)人(じん) (chijin)
  • 痴(ち)態(たい) (chitai)
  • 痴(ち)鈍(どん) (chidon)
  • 痴(ち)呆(ほう) (chihō)
  • 痴(ち)話(わ) (chiwa)
  • 音(おん)痴(ち) (onchi)
  • 愚(ぐ)痴(ち) (guchi)
  • 書(しょ)痴(ち) (shochi)
  • 情(じょう)痴(ち) (jōchi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
痴
おこ
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
癡 (kyūjitai)
烏滸
尾籠
嗚呼 (rare)

⟨woko2⟩ → */wəkə/ → /woko/ → /oko/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) お​こ [óꜜkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA(key): [o̞ko̞]

Adjective

痴(おこ) • (oko) ←をこ (woko)? -na (adnominal 痴(おこ)な (oko na), adverbial 痴(おこ)に (oko ni), kyūjitai 癡)

  1. foolish, absurd
  2. indecent, indelicate
Usage notes

Historical sources[1][2] show that this term is more often used as an attributive noun, followed by possessive particle の (no) when used to modify another noun.

Inflection
Inflection of 痴
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)痴だろおこだろoko daro
Continuative (連用形)痴でおこでoko de
Terminal (終止形)痴だおこだoko da
Attributive (連体形)痴なおこなoko na
Hypothetical (仮定形)痴ならおこならoko nara
Imperative (命令形)痴であれおこであれoko de are
Key constructions
Informal negative痴ではない
痴じゃない		おこではない
おこじゃない		oko de wa nai
oko ja nai
Informal past痴だったおこだったoko datta
Informal negative past痴ではなかった
痴じゃなかった		おこではなかった
おこじゃなかった		oko de wa nakatta
oko ja nakatta
Formal痴ですおこですoko desu
Formal negative痴ではありません
痴じゃありません		おこではありません
おこじゃありません		oko de wa arimasen
oko ja arimasen
Formal past痴でしたおこでしたoko deshita
Formal negative past痴ではありませんでした
痴じゃありませんでした		おこではありませんでした
おこじゃありませんでした		oko de wa arimasen deshita
oko ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive痴でおこでoko de
Conditional痴なら（ば）おこなら（ば）oko nara (ba)
Provisional痴だったらおこだったらoko dattara
Volitional痴だろうおこだろうoko darō
Adverbial痴におこにoko ni
Degree痴さおこさokosa
Classical conjugation of "痴なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)痴ならをこならwoko nara
Continuative (連用形)痴に[1]
痴なり[2]		をこに
をこなり		woko ni
woko nari
Terminal (終止形)痴なりをこなりwoko nari
Attributive (連体形)痴なるをこなるwoko naru
Realis (已然形)痴なれをこなれwoko nare
Imperative (命令形)痴なれをこなれwoko nare
Key constructions
Negative痴ならずをこならずwoko narazu
Contrasting conjunction痴なれどをこなれどwoko naredo
Causal conjunction痴なればをこなればwoko nareba
Conditional conjunction痴ならばをこならばwoko naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)痴なりきをこなりきwoko nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)痴なりけりをこなりけりwoko narikeri
Adverbial痴にをこにwoko ni
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

痴(おこ) • (oko) ←をこ (woko)? (kyūjitai 癡)

  1. foolishness, stupidity
  2. indecency, indelicateness
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 痴(おこ)痴(おこ)し (okookoshi)
  • 痴(おこ)がましい (okogamashii)
  • 痴(おこ)がる (okogaru)
  • 痴(おこ)絵(え) (okoe)
  • 痴(おこ)言(ごと) (okogoto)
  • 痴(おこ)付(づ)く (okozuku)
  • 尾(び)籠(ろう) (birō)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

痴 (eum 치 (chi))

  1. Alternative form of 癡 (癡)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

痴: Hán Nôm readings: si, sy, se

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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