略

See also: 畧

略	U+7565, 略 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7565

← 畤
[U+7564]

CJK Unified Ideographs

畦 →
[U+7566]

略	U+F976, 略 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F976

← 掠
[U+F975]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

亮 →
[U+F977]

Translingual

Stroke order
Japan

Han character

略 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田竹水口 (WHER), four-corner 6706₄, composition ⿰田各)

Derived characters

撂, 㨼, 𰔡

References

KangXi: page 762, character 9
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21839
Dae Jaweon: page 1172, character 8
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2541, character 11
Unihan data for U+7565
Unihan data for U+F976

Chinese

simp. and trad.		略
alternative forms		畧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 略
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
髂	*kʰraːɡs
路	*ɡ·raːɡs
輅	*ɡ·raːɡs
賂	*ɡ·raːɡs
虂	*ɡ·raːɡs
露	*ɡ·raːɡs
潞	*raːɡs
鷺	*raːɡs
璐	*raːɡs
簬	*raːɡs
簵	*ɡ·raːɡs
洛	*ɡ·raːɡ
駱	*ɡ·raːɡ
絡	*ɡ·raːɡ
酪	*ɡ·raːɡ
烙	*ɡ·raːɡ
雒	*ɡ·raːɡ
珞	*ɡ·raːɡ
硌	*ɡ·raːɡ
袼	ɡ·raːɡ, klaːɡ
笿	*ɡ·raːɡ
鉻	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
鮥	*ɡ·raːɡ
鵅	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
挌	ɡ·raːɡ, kraːɡ
落	*ɡ·raːɡ
各	*klaːɡ
胳	*klaːɡ
閣	*klaːɡ
格	klaːɡ, kraːɡ
擱	*klaːɡ
恪	*kʰlaːɡ
愙	*kʰaːɡ
貉	ɡlaːɡ, mɡraːɡ
狢	*ɡlaːɡ
佫	*ɡlaːɡ
略	*ɡ·raɡ
茖	*kraːɡ
骼	*kraːɡ
觡	*kraːɡ
蛒	*kraːɡ
敋	*kraːɡ
客	*kʰraːɡ
喀	*kʰraːɡ
揢	*kʰraːɡ
額	*ŋɡraːɡ
峉	*ŋɡraːɡ
頟	*ŋɡraːɡ
詻	*ŋɡraːɡ
垎	*ɡraːɡ
楁	*ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raɡ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ) – to walk around a field (to outline it).

Etymology

"to plunder, to pillage": Possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Mizo rawk (“to loot, to raid (not to kill)”). STEDT provisionally sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔ-m-(p)rawk, which is likely an allofam of Proto-Kuki-Chin *m-ru:k "to steal".; 掠 (lüè) is a graphic variant of this sense.

"sharp": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(m/b)rak (“to cut, tear, maul, lacerate”). Cognate with Burmese မြက် (mrak, “to cut keenly”) and မြ (mra., “sharp”), Jingpho mya (“torn, ragged”), Dimasa [script needed] (džə brau, “to scratch, maul, claw”), Drung pra (“to cut (with sharp instruments)”).

"to trace out; to measure (an area); to plan; plan, method; boundary, frontier": Possible allofams are 慮 (OC *ras, “outline, sketch”) and possibly 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs, “to measure (v.), a measure (n.)”)

"outline, sketch, strategy, summary, brief": Possibly same etymon as sense "to trace out, to plan". Possibly cognate with 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs, “road”)

"to omit, to leave out"

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lüè (lüe⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄩㄝˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): loek⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lio̍k
Min Bei (KCR): liŏ̤
Min Dong (BUC): liŏk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lio̍k / lia̍k / lio̍h
(Teochew, Peng'im): liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): liaq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lüè
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄩㄝˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lyuè
  - Wade–Giles: lüeh⁴
  - Yale: lywè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liueh
  - Palladius: люэ (ljue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɥɛ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: loek⁶
  - Yale: leuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loek⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêg⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lio̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: liog
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liog⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯ok̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liŏ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔ²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /liɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liak̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍h
  - Tâi-lô: lio̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lioih
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lioʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /lioʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lioʔ¹²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɤʔ⁴/

Note:

lio̍k/lia̍k - literary;
lio̍h - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liag⁸ / lioh⁸ / liêh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍k / lio̍h / lie̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liak̚⁴/, /lioʔ⁴/, /lieʔ⁴/

Note:

liag8 - literary;
lioh8/liêh8 - vernacular (liêh8 - Chaozhou).

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: liaq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lia̱ʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 略
Mandarin	Beijing	/lyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/liau⁵³/ /lyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lye⁵³/
	Jinan	/luə²¹/
	Qingdao	/lyə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lyo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/luo⁵³/
	Xining	/lyu⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/lye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lyə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/lyɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/lio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/liʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/liaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/liaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/liɛ²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/liɔ²²/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lio²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɔʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liok̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/liok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lœk̚²/
	Nanning	/lœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/liɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/liak̚⁵/ /lioʔ⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/liɔk̚³/ /lio³³/

Middle Chinese: /lɨɐk̚/

Rime
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	離灼切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨak̚/
Li Rong	/liak̚/
Wang Li	/lĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lüè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loek⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ak/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ljak ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ak/
English	draw a boundary; outline
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	略
Reading #	1/1
No.	3892
Phonetic component	各
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	略
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raɡ/

Definitions

略

^† to draw boundaries; to outline; to trace out
^† boundary; outline; border
plan; strategy; summary; outline
brief; abbreviated
to omit; to leave out
slightly; marginally
approximately; roughly
to plunder; to pillage
^† sharp; keen (Shi)

Compounds

Derived terms from 略

七略
三略 (Sānlüè)
中略
事略 (shìlüè)
伽利略 (jiālìlüè)
侵略 (qīnlüè)
兵略
劫略
勇略 (yǒnglüè)
商略
大略 (dàlüè)
安大略湖 (Āndàlüè Hú)
宏材大略
封略
崖略 (yálüè)
志略
忽略 (hūlüè)
才略 (cáilüè)
攻城略地
方技略
方略 (fānglüè)
智略 (zhìlüè)
概略 (gàilüè)
略估
略喻
略地 (lüèdì)
略地侵城
略地攻城
略影
略微 (lüèwēi)
略懂
略施小技
略略 (lüèlüè)
略知一二 (lüèzhīyī'èr)
略知皮毛
略述
省略 (shěnglüè)
策略 (cèlüè)
粗略 (cūlüè)
缺略
艾儒略

艾略特
草略 (cǎolüè)
要略 (yàolüè)
豁略大度
豹略
雄才大略 (xióngcáidàlüè)
雄略
霸王略
霸略
侵略主義／侵略主义 (qīnlüè zhǔyì)
儒略曆／儒略历 (rúlüèlì)
六韜三略／六韬三略
卻略／却略
大戰略／大战略
奧理略／奥理略
奧略／奥略
將略／将略
幹略／干略
廟略／庙略
建國方略／建国方略
戰略／战略 (zhànlüè)
戰略思想／战略思想
戰略物資／战略物资
戰略計畫／战略计画
戰略轟炸／战略轰炸
所見略同／所见略同 (suǒjiànlüètóng)
文經武略／文经武略
文韜武略／文韬武略
核子戰略／核子战略
權略／权略 (quánlüè)
略勝一籌／略胜一筹 (lüèshèngyīchóu)
略圖／略图 (lüètú)
略施小計／略施小计
略施薄懲／略施薄惩
略有耳聞／略有耳闻
略無參商／略无参商
略盡情誼／略尽情谊
略綽／略绰
略見一斑／略见一斑
略誘／略诱
略語／略语 (lüèyǔ)

略識之無／略识之无
略賣／略卖
略跡原心／略迹原心
略跡原情／略迹原情 (lüèjìyuánqíng)
略遜一籌／略逊一筹
略陳管見／略陈管见
略高一籌／略高一筹
疏謀少略／疏谋少略
省略號／省略号 (shěnglüèhào)
節略／节略
節略版／节略版
簡略／简略 (jiǎnlüè)
籌略／筹略
紀略／纪略
約略／约略 (yuēlüè)
經略／经略
脫略／脱略
膽略／胆略 (dǎnlüè)
蘇必略湖／苏必略湖 (Sūbìlüè Hú)
虎略龍韜／虎略龙韬
規略／规略
計略／计略 (jìlüè)
詳略／详略
諸子略／诸子略
謀略／谋略 (móulüè)
軍事戰略／军事战略
軍略／军略
較略／较略
輯略／辑略
過人才略／过人才略
遠略／远略
金匱要略／金匮要略
長算遠略／长算远略
開國方略／开国方略
闊略／阔略
雄材偉略／雄材伟略
韜略／韬略 (tāolüè)
韻略／韵略
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)
額我略曆／额我略历
龍韜虎略／龙韬虎略

Japanese

Kanji

略

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

plan, strategy
to omit
to abbreviate
to invade

Readings

Go-on: らく (raku)
Kan-on: りゃく (ryaku, Jōyō)
Kun: おさめる (osameru, 略める); はかる (hakaru, 略る); はかりごと (hakarigoto, 略)

Compounds

略(りゃく)字(じ) (ryakuji, “colloquial/ simplified form of kanji”)
概(がい)略(りゃく) (gairyaku, “outline”)
攻(こう)略(りゃく) (kōryaku, “capture”)
忽(こつ)略(りゃく) (kotsuryaku, “neglect”)
省(しょう)略(りゃく) (shōryaku, “omission”)
侵(しん)略(りゃく) (shinryaku, “invasion”)
略(りゃく)称(しょう) (ryakushō, “abbreviation”)
略(りゃく)図(ず) (ryakuzu, “brief illustration”)
略(りゃく)奪(だつ) (ryakudatsu, “rob”)

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
略
りゃく Grade: 5
on’yomi

(Tokyo) りゃく [ryàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
(Tokyo) りゃく [ryáꜜkù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

略(りゃく) • (ryaku)

omission
以下(いか)略(りゃく)
ikaryaku
as above
abbreviation; short for
特(とっ)急(きゅう)は特(とく)別(べつ)急(きゅう)行(こう)の略(りゃく)。
Tokkyū wa tokubetsukyūkō no ryaku.
Tokkyū is the abbreviation of tokubetsukyūkō.

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

略 (eumhun 간략할 략 (gallyakhal ryak), South Korea 간략할 약 (gallyakhal yak))

Hanja form^? of 략/약 (“brief, concise”).

略 (eumhun 다스릴 략 (daseuril ryak), South Korea 다스릴 약 (daseuril yak))

Hanja form^? of 략/약 (“approximately, roughly”).
Hanja form^? of 략/약 (“outline”).

Vietnamese

Han character

略: Hán Nôm readings: lược, trước

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN