畝

畝

See also: 亩

畝 U+755D, 畝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-755D ← 畜 [U+755C] CJK Unified Ideographs 畞 → [U+755E]

Translingual

Han character

畝 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜田弓人 (YWNO), four-corner 0768₀, composition ⿰亩久)

References

• KangXi: page 761, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21815
• Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2538, character 3
• Unihan data for U+755D

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Chinese

trad.		畝
simp.		亩
alternative forms		畞 𤱑 畒 畆 畮

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畝) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
畝	*mɯʔ
畞	*mɯʔ

Composed of 田 (“cropland”) + 十 (“ten”) + 久 (“longlasting”).

The 十 + 久 has been a shape change from earlier 每 (OC *mɯːʔ). (Lin Yiguang)

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Tibetan རྨོ (rmo), རྨོས (rmos, “to plow”), རྨོད (rmod, “plowing”), རྨོན་པ (rmon pa, “plow-ox”), Karbi [Term?] (-mò, “classifier for strips of fields”) (Bodman, 1980; Baxter, 1992; Schuessler, 2007).

Schuessler (2007) also suggests a connection to an Austroasiatic root, whence Old Khmer cval (“to enter; to penetrate; (of animals) to copulate”), Khmu [script needed] (cmɔɔl, “to plant (rice) with a digging stick”), [script needed] (crmɔɔl, “digging stick”) (cf. Ferlus, 1987). The semantic development would be “digging stick” > “plowing” > “mu”. He also connects this to 牡 (OC *mɯwʔ, “male animal”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mǔ (mu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): mong³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): méu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mêu¹

• Min Dong (BUC): mū
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bhou²

• Wu (Wiktionary): meu (T3); hhmm (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǔ
    • Wade–Giles: mu³
    • Yale: mǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muu
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu²¹⁴/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mong³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mau⁵
    • Yale: máuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: meo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: méu
    • Hakka Romanization System: meu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: meu³
    • Sinological IPA: /meu̯³¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mêu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /meu⁴⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bó͘
    • Tâi-lô: bóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bhou²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bóu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bou⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: meu (T3); hhmm (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɜ²³/, /ɦm̩²³/

Note:

• 3meu - literary;
• 3hhmm - vernacular.

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 畝
Mandarin	Beijing	/mu²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/mu²¹³/
	Tianjin	/mu¹³/
	Jinan	/mu⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/mu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/mu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/mu⁵³/
	Xining	/mv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/mu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/mu⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/mu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/məu⁴²/
	Chengdu	/moŋ⁵³/
	Guiyang	/moŋ⁴²/
	Kunming	/mu⁵³/
	Nanjing	/mu²¹²/
	Hefei	/mʊ²⁴/ /məŋ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/mu⁵³/
	Pingyao	/mu⁵³/
	Hohhot	/mu⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/mɤ²³/ /m̩²³/
	Suzhou	/mɤ³¹/ /m³¹/
	Hangzhou	/mu⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/mɜ³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/mɔ³⁵/ /m̩³⁵/
	Tunxi	/mo³¹/ /miu³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/məu⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/məɯ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɛu²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/meu⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/meu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/mɐu²³/
	Nanning	/mɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/mɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/bɔ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/mu³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/me²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/bou⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/mɔu²¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: /məu^X/

Rime
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫厚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məuX/
Pan Wuyun	/məuX/
Shao Rongfen	/məuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məwX/
Li Rong	/muX/
Wang Li	/məuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ muwX ›
Old Chinese	/*məʔ/ (< *mˁoʔ ?)
English	Chinese acre
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	畝
Reading #	1/1
No.	9322
Phonetic component	畝
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	母
Old Chinese	/*mɯʔ/
Notes	畞隸變通用，廣韻右久原作又

Definitions

畝

1. mu (a Chinese measuring unit currently equivalent to 666 and 2/3 meters squared in Mainland China)
2. (Classical Chinese) cropland

   • 曰：「老人老，孤人孤，病者養，死者葬，男子畝，婦人桑，之謂思。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     曰：“老人老，孤人孤，病者养，死者葬，男子亩，妇人桑，之谓思。” [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Yang Xiong, Fa Yan (Exemplary Sayings), 9 CE

     Yuē: “Lǎorén lǎo, gūrén gū, bìngzhě yǎng, sǐzhě zàng, nánzǐ mǔ, fùrén sāng, zhī wèi sī.” [Pinyin]

     Yangzi said: Treat the elderly as elderly, treat orphans as orphans; nourish the sick and bury the dead; let men tend their croplands and let women tend the mulberry trees —you will be referred to as "cherished."

Compounds

一畝之宮／一亩之宫 公畝／公亩 (gōngmǔ) 十畝之間／十亩之间 南畝／南亩 (nánmǔ) 地畝／地亩 壟畝之臣／垄亩之臣

市畝／市亩 畎畝／畎亩 畎畝下才／畎亩下才 畎畝之中／畎亩之中 畝丘／亩丘

畝把二畝／亩把二亩 畝把兩畝／亩把两亩 畝鍾／亩钟 英畝／英亩 (yīngmǔ) 隴畝／陇亩 (lǒngmǔ)

Further reading

• Chinese units of measurement on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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Japanese

Kanji

畝

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)
• Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
• Kun: うね (une, 畝, Jōyō); せ (se, 畝)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
畝
うね Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry.

【うね】 [noun] a raised ridge of earth in a field [noun] rib Alternative spellings 畝, 畦

(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
畝
せ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 畝 – see the following entry.

【せ】H [noun] se (Japanese unit of area)

(This term, 畝, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
畝
ほ Grade: S
kan’yōon

Pronunciation

• Kan’yōyomi
• (Tokyo) ほ​ [hóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [ho̞]

Noun

畝(ほ) • (ho) 

1. mu (Chinese unit of surface area)

Usage notes

Different from the Japanese 畝 (se, “se”).

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 畝 (MC məu^X). Recorded as Middle Korean 畒 (畒)/모〯 (mwǒ) (Yale: mwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource畝 (eumhun 이랑 무 (irang mu))
畝 (eumhun 이랑 묘 (irang myo))

1. Hanja form^? of 무/묘 (“mu (Chinese unit of surface area)”).

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

畝: Hán Nôm readings: mẩu, mẫu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.