留

See also: 畱 and 畄

留	U+7559, 留 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7559

← 畘
[U+7558]

CJK Unified Ideographs

畚 →
[U+755A]

留	U+F9CD, 留 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CD

← 琉
[U+F9CC]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

硫 →
[U+F9CE]

Translingual

Han character

留 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹田 (HHW), four-corner 7760₂, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀田)

Derived characters

㨨, 䗜, 䝀, 䶉, 塯, 媹, 嵧, 廇, 榴, 溜, 熘, 瑠, 瘤, 磂, 罶, 蒥, 蹓, 遛, 鎦 (镏), 霤, 飀 (飗), 餾 (馏), 騮 (骝), 鬸, 鰡, 鶹 (鹠), 𠺕, 𨢇

Descendants

Japanese: る

References

KangXi: page 761, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21808
Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2537, character 4
Unihan data for U+7559
Unihan data for U+F9CD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	mruːʔ, m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	m̥ʰruːs, m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	m·ru, m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	m·ru, m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	m·ru, m·rus
瀏	m·ru, m·ruʔ
懰	m·ru, m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	m·ruʔ, m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

In bronze inscriptions, phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·rus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 田 (“field”). Later in small seal script, phonetic 丣 (OC *luʔ) + semantic 田.

Pronunciation 1

simp. and trad.		留
2nd round simp.		畄
alternative forms		畄畱㽞𤰛𤱊畄畱㽞𤰛𤱊𬎿

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): liú (liu²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ
(Chengdu, SP): niu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): lau⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): liu³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liù
(Meixian, Guangdong): liu²
Min Dong (BUC): làu / liù
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lâu / liû
(Teochew, Peng'im): liu⁵ / lao⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): lieu (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liú
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lióu
  - Wade–Giles: liu²
  - Yale: lyóu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liou
  - Palladius: лю (lju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljoʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: niu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niəu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁴
  - Yale: làuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: liu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liu²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù
  - Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liu²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liu²
  - Sinological IPA: /liu¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: làu / liù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃au⁵³/, /l̃ieu⁵³/

Note: liù - "belly fat".

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
  - Tâi-lô: lâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laau
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /lau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû
  - Tâi-lô: liû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /liu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³/

Note:

lâu - vernacular;
liû - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liu⁵ / lao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liû / lâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liu⁵⁵/, /lau⁵⁵/

Note:

liu5 - literary;
lao5 - vernacular.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lieu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɜ²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɨu/

Rime
Character	留
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/
Li Rong	/liu/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ru/
(Zhengzhang): /*m·ru/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	留
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›
Old Chinese	/*C.ru/
English	stay, remain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	留
Reading #	1/2
No.	8882
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	劉
Old Chinese	/*m·ru/
Notes	說文丣聲誤，金文實卯聲

Definitions

留

to stay; to remain
to ask someone to stay; to detain
to keep; to save; to hold in reserve; to retain; to maintain
to leave behind (a package, a message, an impression, etc.)
你可以給我留個電話嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
你可以给我留个电话吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nǐ kěyǐ gěi wǒ liú ge diànhuà ma? [Pinyin]
Can you give me your phone number?
Short for 留學／留学 (liúxué, “to study abroad”).
留美 ― liúměi ― to study in the US
to accept (a gift)
to allow to grow
留鬍子／留胡子 ― liú húzi ― to grow a beard
將頭髮留到落腰 [Cantonese, trad.]
将头发留到落腰 [Cantonese, simp.]
zoeng¹ tau⁴ faat³ lau⁴ dou³ lok⁶ jiu¹ [Jyutping]
have one's hair grow to waist-length
留長頭髮／留长头发 [Cantonese] ― lau⁴ coeng⁴ tau⁴ faat³ [Jyutping] ― to let one's hair grow long
to concentrate (on something)
留心 ― liúxīn ― to look out for
留神 ― liúshén ― to take care; to be careful
Alternative form of 流 (liú).
a surname

Compounds

Derived terms from 留

七留七林
三不留
不中留
不留 (bùliú)
不留一字
不留心
不留神
久留 (jiǔliú)
乞留乞良
乞留曲律
乞留玎琅
人死留名
代留
伊留申
保留 (bǎoliú)
保留地
保留林
偎留
停留 (tíngliú)
刀下留人 (dāoxiàliúrén)
勾留 (gōuliú)
去留 (qùliú)
奄留
存留 (cúnliú)
容留 (róngliú)
寸甲不留
寸草不留
居留 (jūliú)
急留骨碌
慰留
截留
手下留情
扣留 (kòuliú)
扳留
拘留 (jūliú)
拘留所 (jūliúsuǒ)
挽留 (wǎnliú)
攀留
收留 (shōuliú)
款留 (kuǎnliú)
步步留心
毫不留情 (háobùliúqíng)
淅留淅零
淅零淅留
淹留
片甲不留
王留
留一手
留下 (liúxià)
留任 (liúrèn)
留低
留住 (liúzhù)
留侯
留取
留名 (liúmíng)
留堂
留存 (liúcún)
留守 (liúshǒu)
留客住
留客雨
留宿 (liúsù)
留寓
留尾巴
留帖

留影 (liúyǐng)
留待 (liúdài)
留心 (liúxīn)
留心用意
留念 (liúniàn)
留情 (liúqíng)
留意 (liúyì)
留成
留扣子
留春
留校 (liúxiào)
留根
留步 (liúbù)
留洋
留海
留班 (liúbān)
留班生
留白 (liúbái)
留神 (liúshén)
留置 (liúzhì)
留芳百世
留言 (liúyán)
留言板
留言簿 (liúyánbù)
留身
留退步
留面子
留髡
的留的立
稽留 (jīliú)
自留地 (zìliúdì)
自留山
苦留
虎死留皮
豹死留皮
赤留出律
逋留 (būliú)
逗留 (dòuliú)
遮道挽留
邀留
青史名留
青史留名
革留
不留餘地／不留余地 (bùliúyúdì)
不留體統／不留体统
乞留惡濫／乞留恶滥
保留價格／保留价格
保留徵收／保留征收
保留戶／保留户
保留曲線／保留曲线
保留盈餘／保留盈余
停留長智／停留长智
剔留禿魯／剔留秃鲁
劈留撲碌／劈留扑碌
外僑居留／外侨居留
女大難留／女大难留
小留學生／小留学生
居留權／居留权 (jūliúquán)
居留證／居留证 (jūliúzhèng)
屯留縣／屯留县
張良擇留／张良择留
彌留／弥留 (míliú)
志留紀／志留纪 (Zhìliú Jì)
截鐙留鞭／截镫留鞭

截髮留賓／截发留宾
殘留／残留 (cánliú)
沒留沒亂／没留没乱
滯留／滞留 (zhìliú)
滯留鋒／滞留锋
滴留撲／滴留扑
瀦留／潴留 (zhūliú)
留中不發／留中不发 (liúzhōngbùfā)
留侯論／留侯论
留傳／留传 (liúchuán)
留別／留别
留學／留学 (liúxué)
留學生／留学生 (liúxuéshēng)
留學考試／留学考试
留後手／留后手
留後步／留后步
留後路／留后路
留得青山在，不怕沒柴燒／留得青山在，不怕没柴烧 (liú dé qīngshān zài, bùpà méi chái shāo)
留懷／留怀
留戀／留恋 (liúliàn)
留有餘地／留有余地
留滯／留滞
留級／留级 (liújí)
留級生／留级生
留置觀察／留置观察
留美學人／留美学人
留聲機／留声机 (liúshēngjī)
留職／留职 (liúzhí)
留職停薪／留职停薪
留臉／留脸
留臉面／留脸面
留蘭香／留兰香
留言冊／留言册
留話／留话 (liúhuà)
留連／留连
留連不捨／留连不舍
留連忘返／留连忘返
留醫／留医 (liúyī)
留門／留门
留難／留难
留頭／留头
留題／留题
留飯／留饭
留餘地／留余地
留駐／留驻
留鳥／留鸟 (liúniǎo)
羈留／羁留 (jīliú)
苟留殘喘／苟留残喘
萬古留芳／万古留芳
迷留悶亂／迷留闷乱
迷留摸亂／迷留摸乱
迷留沒亂／迷留没乱
遲留／迟留 (chíliú)
遺留／遗留 (yíliú)
鄭驛留賓／郑驿留宾
陳留／陈留 (Chénliú)
雞犬不留／鸡犬不留
革職留任／革职留任
須留／须留 (xūliú)
預留／预留 (yùliú)
養虎留患／养虎留患
馬留／马留 (mǎliú)
齒頰留香／齿颊留香

Pronunciation 2

simp. and trad.		留
alternative forms		𢕍𢔲

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liù (liu⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liù
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liòu
  - Wade–Giles: liu⁴
  - Yale: lyòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liow
  - Palladius: лю (lju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁶
  - Yale: lauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²²/

Middle Chinese: /lɨu^H/

Rime
Character	留
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/liu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw^H/
Li Rong	/liu^H/
Wang Li	/lĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*m·rus/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	留
Reading #	2/2
No.	8905
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	溜
Old Chinese	/*m·rus/

Definitions

留

(archaic) to wait; to await

Compounds

宿留

Pronunciation 3

simp. and trad.		留

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Liǔ (Liu³)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Liǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Liǒu
  - Wade–Giles: Liu³
  - Yale: Lyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Leou
  - Palladius: Лю (Lju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljoʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lau⁵
  - Yale: láuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯¹³/

Definitions

留

Alternative name for 昴 (mǎo).

References

“留”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02645

Japanese

Kanji

留

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

detain
fasten
halt
stop
ateji (当て字) for ruble (unit of currency)

Readings

Go-on: る (ru, Jōyō ^†)
Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りう (riu, historical)}
Kun: とめる (tomeru, 留める, Jōyō); とまる (tomaru, 留まる, Jōyō); とどめる (todomeru, 留める); とどまる (todomaru, 留まる); ルーブル (rūburu)

Compounds

留意(りゅうい) (ryūi)
留守(るす) (rusu, “absence”)
留任(りゅうにん) (ryūnin)
留年(りゅうねん) (ryūnen)
留学(りゅうがく) (ryūgaku)
保留(ほりゅう) (horyū)

Korean

Hanja

留 (eumhun 머무를 류 (meomureul ryu), South Korea 머무를 유 (meomureul yu))

Hanja form^? of 류/유 (“stay”).

Compounds

잔류 (殘留, jallyu, “staying behind”)
체류 (滯留, cheryu, “stay; sojourn”)
보류 (保留, boryu, “hold, suspension”)
억류 (抑留, eongnyu, “detention, internment”)
유치 (留置, yuchi, “detainment, custody”)

Old Korean

Alternative forms

以 (logographic variant used in Idu and Gugyeol texts)

Particle

留 (*-lwo)

to; towards (directional case marker)
by; with; using (instrumental case marker)

Usage notes

留 takes the vowel-initial allomorph 乙留 or 乙以 after a consonant, corresponding exactly to the Middle and Modern Korean allomorph 으로 (Yale: ulo) also appearing after a consonant.

Reconstruction notes

Conventionally reconstructed as *-lwo after the Middle Korean reflex, although the source Chinese readings suggest a different vowel. Many scholars suggest *-lwu instead.

Descendants

Middle Korean: 로 (-lwo)
- Korean: 로 (ro)

References

이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2000), “차자표기 자료의 격조사 연구 [Study of case markers in the Chinese-based orthography [of Korean]]”, in Gugeo gungmunhak, volume 127, pages 107–132
박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 199—200

Vietnamese

Han character

留: Hán Nôm readings: lưu

to stay
to detain; keep
(computing); to save files