男
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Translingual
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Stroke order (Japan) | |||
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Han character
男 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田大尸 (WKS), four-corner 60427, composition ⿱田力)
Derived characters
- 侽, 𠲸, 娚, 㭷, 甥, 㽒, 𤳆, 嫐, 嬲, 勇, 莮, 舅, 虜, 𡇨
References
- KangXi: page 759, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21730
- Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2529, character 5
- Unihan data for U+7537
Chinese
simp. and trad. | 男 | |
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alternative forms | 㽖 侽 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 男 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 田 (“field”) + 力 (“strength”) – man providing the strength for agricultural and/or other kinds of (physical) labour on a field.
Etymology
Probably an area word. Compare Proto-Kiranti *nam (“man”), Proto-Monic *k()ɲoom (“young child”), Proto-Wa **h/ʔn[o]m (“young man”), Thai หนุ่ม (nùm, “young man; young”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
男
- man; (only of human in Standard Chinese) male
- 男人 ― nánrén ― man
- 男孩 ― nánhái ― boy
- Coordinate term: 女 (nǚ)
- son
- 長男/长男 ― zhǎngnán ― eldest son
- baron, lowest of the five ranks of Chinese aristocracy (五等爵位) under the Zhou dynasty
- 冬十有二月,會齊侯、宋公、陳侯、衛侯、鄭伯、許男、滑伯、滕子同盟於幽。邾子克卒。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: Spring and Autumn Annals, circa 5th century BCE
- Dōng shíyǒu'èr yuè, huì Qíhóu, Sònggōng, Chénhóu, Wèihóu, Zhèngbó, Xǔnán, Huábó, Téngzǐ tóngméng yú Yōu. Zhūzǐ Kè zú. [Pinyin]
- Winter, 12th month: we met the Marquis of Qi, the Duke of Song, Marquis of Chen, Marquis of Wey, Count of Zheng, Baron of Xu, Count of Hua, Viscount of Teng; we swore an alliance-covenant at You. Viscount Ke of Zhu died.
冬十有二月,会齐侯、宋公、陈侯、卫侯、郑伯、许男、滑伯、滕子同盟于幽。邾子克卒。 [MSC, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
- 公 (gōng, “male (of animals)”)
Compounds
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Descendants
- → Japanese: 男 (nan); 男 (dan)
- → Korean: 남(男) (nam)
- → Vietnamese: nam (男)
References
- “男”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- man
- son
- baron
Readings
- Go-on: なん (nan, Jōyō)←なん (nan, historical)←なむ (namu, ancient)
- Kan-on: だん (dan, Jōyō)←だん (dan, historical)←だむ (damu, ancient)
- Kun: おとこ (otoko, 男, Jōyō)←をとこ (wotoko, historical); お (o, 男)←を (wo, historical); おのこ (onoko, 男)
- Nanori: いさみ (isami); いさむ (isamu); おと (oto)←をと (woto, historical)
Compounds
- 男系 (dankei, “male succession”)
- 男根 (dankon, “penis”)
- 男子 (danshi, “boy”)
- 男児 (danji, “infant boy”)
- 男娼 (danshō, “male prostitute”)
- 男爵 (danshaku, “baron”)
- 男女 (danjo, “man and woman”)
- 男色 (danshoku, “homosexual”)
- 男性 (dansei, “man”)
- 男声 (dansei, “male voice”)
- 男装 (dansō, “male costume”)
- 男尊女卑 (dansonjohi, “male chauvinism”)
- 男優 (dan'yū, “actor”)
- 男根 (nankon)
- 男色 (nanshoku)
- 下男 (genan)
- 次男, 二男 (jinan)
- 善男 (zennan)
- 善男善女 (zennan zennyo)
- 息男 (sokunan, “son”, honorific)
- 嫡男 (chakunan)
- 長男 (chōnan)
- 美男 (binan), 美男 (bidan)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
おとこ Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Alternative spelling |
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漢 (manga slang) |
⟨woto2ko1⟩ → */wotəkʷo/ → /wotoko/ → /otoko/
From Old Japanese.
Derived from おと (oto, “young?”, cognate with Old Japanese 復つ (wotu → otsu, “to become young again”)) + 子 (ko, “child”).
Compare 少女 (otome, “young woman”).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) おとこ [òtókóꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [o̞to̞ko̞]
Noun
男 • (otoko) ←をとこ (wotoko)?
- a male person
- Antonym: 女 (onna)
- (specifically) a man, an adult male
- Antonym: 女 (onna)
- 男, 漢: (specifically) a manly man
- a male lover
- Synonyms: 愛人 (aijin), 情人 (jōjin, jōnin), 情夫 (jōfu)
- a manservant
- Synonym: 下男 (genan)
- a husband
- Synonym: 夫 (otto)
- (obsolete) an unmarried young man
- (colloquial) homosexuality
- Synonyms: 男色 (danshoku), 若道 (nyakudō)
Derived terms
- 男し (otokoshi)
- 男郎花 (otokoeshi), 男郎花 (otokomeshi)
- 男親 (otokooya, “male parent”)
- 男神 (otokogami, “masculine god”)
- 男側 (otokogawa, “man's side”)
- 男気 (otokogi, “chivalrous spirit”)
- 男心 (otoko-gokoro, “male mind”)
- 男言葉 (otoko kotoba, “male language”)
- 男坂 (otokozaka, “steep slope”)
- 男手 (otokode, “male worker”)
- 男友達 (otoko tomodachi, “boyfriend, male friend”)
- 男の子 (otoko no ko, “boy”)
- 男の人 (otoko no hito, “adult man”)
- 男前 (otokomae)
- 男役 (otokoyaku, “role of man”)
- 男山 (otokoyama, “steep mountain”)
- 男鰥 (otoko yamome)
- 男湯 (otokoyu, “men's bath”)
- 男を上げる (otoko o ageru)
- 男を売る (otoko o uru)
- 男を下げる (otoko o sageru)
- 男を知る (otoko o shiru)
- 男を磨く (otoko o migaku)
- 色男 (irootoko)
- 作男 (sakuotoko)
- 下男 (shimootoko)
- 間男 (maotoko)
- むくつけ男 (mukutsuke otoko)
- 雪男 (yuki otoko)
Idioms
- 男が廃る (otoko ga sutaru)
- 男が立つ (otoko ga tatsu)
- 男になる (otoko ni naru)
- 男は気で持て (otoko wa ki de mote)
- 男は閾を跨げば七人の敵あり (otoko wa shikii o matageba shichinin no teki ari)
- 男は辞儀に余れ (otoko haji gi ni amare)
- 男は松女子は藤 (otoko wa matsu onago wa fuji)
Proverbs
- 男の目には糸を引け女の目には鈴を張れ (otoko no me ni wa ito o hike onna no me ni wa suzu o hare)
- 男は度胸女は愛嬌 (otoko wa dokyō onna wa aikyō)
- 男は裸百貫 (otoko wa hadaka-hyakkan)
Proper noun
男 • (Otoko) ←をとこ (wotoko)?
- a surname
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
お Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
/wo/ → /o/
From Old Japanese.
Alternative forms
- 夫
- (male): 雄, 牡
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) お [óꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [o̞]
Noun
男 • (o) ←を (wo)?
- a man
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 5)
- ...那許曾波遠迩伊麻世婆... [Man'yōgana]
- ...汝こそはをにいませば... [Modern spelling]
- na koso wa o ni imaseba
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- Antonym: 女 (me)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 5)
- a husband
- Synonym: 夫 (otto)
- Antonym: 女 (me)
- a male
- Antonym: 女, 牝, 雌 (me)
- something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
Derived terms
- 男男しい, 男々しい (ooshii)
- 男滝 (odaki)
- 男猫 (oneko)
- 男雛 (obina)
- 桂男 (katsurao)
- 須佐之男 (Susanoo)
- 益荒男, 大夫, 丈夫 (masurao)
- 寡男 (yamoo)
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
おのこ Grade: 1 |
irregular |
Compound of 男 (o, “male”, see above) + の (no, possessive particle) + 子 (ko, “child”).
Alternative forms
- 男の子
Pronunciation
- (Irregular reading)
- (Tokyo) おのこ [óꜜnòkò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [o̞no̞ko̞]
Noun
男 • (onoko) ←をのこ (wonoko)?
- a boy
Derived terms
- 男手 (onokode)
- 男同胞 (onoko harakara)
- 東男 (azuma-otoko)
- 上の男 (ue no onoko)
- 下種男 (gesu onoko)
- 才の男 (zae no onoko)
- むくつけ男 (mukutsuke onoko)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
なん Grade: 1 |
goon |
/nam/ → /namʉ/ → /naɴ/
From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nʌm).
The goon reading, so likely initial borrowing.
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- IPA(key): [nã̠ɴ]
Noun
男 • (nan)
- a man
- Synonym: 男性 (dansei)
- a son
- Synonyms: 倅 (segare), 息子 (musuko)
Derived terms
- 一男 (ichinan)
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
だん Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
/dam/ → /damʉ/ → /daɴ/
From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nʌm).
The kan'on reading, so likely a later borrowing.
Noun
男 • (dan)
- a man
- a son
- a young man, especially one who reached adulthood
- Synonyms: 壮丁 (sōtei), 若者 (wakamono)
- (historical) a baron
- Synonym: 男爵 (danshaku)
Proper noun
男 • (Dan)
- a male given name
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 男 (MC nʌm). Recorded as Middle Korean 남 (nam) (Yale: nam) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource男 (eumhun 사내 남 (sanae nam))
- Hanja form? of 남 (“man”).
Compounds
- 남자 (男子, namja, “man”)
- 남아 (男兒, nama, “boy”)
- 남근 (男根, namgeun)
- 남창 (男娼, namchang)
- 남색 (男色, namsaek)
- 남성 (男性, namseong)
- 남우 (男優, namu)
- 미남 (美男, minam)
- 남계 (男系, namgye)
- 남작 (男爵, namjak)
- 선남선녀 (善男善女, seonnamseonnyeo)
- 남존여비 (男尊女卑, namjonyeobi)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Kunigami
Kanji
男 (hiragana いけが, romaji ikega, hiragana うんが, romaji unga)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
男 (hiragana いけが, romaji ikega)
- man
Etymology 2
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Noun
男 (hiragana うんが, romaji unga)
- man
Oki-No-Erabu
Kanji
男 (hiragana いぃんが, romaji yinga)
Etymology
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Noun
男 (hiragana いぃんが, romaji yinga)
- man
Okinawan
Kanji
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Kun: ゐきが (wikiga); ゆきが (yukiga); うぅとぅく (wutuku)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
ゐきが Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
ゆきが Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
From Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
男 (hiragana ゐきが, rōmaji wikiga, alternative reading ゆきが, rōmaji yukiga)
- man
Derived terms
- 男しーじゃ (ゐきがしーじゃ, wikiga shīja, “older brother”)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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男 |
をぅとぅく Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
Possibly from Japanese 男 (otoko, “man”).
Noun
男 (hiragana うぅとぅく, rōmaji wutuku)
- (literary) man
References
- “ゐきが【男】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese
Han character
男: Hán Việt readings: nam[1][2][3]
男: Nôm readings: nam[1][2]
- chữ Hán form of nam (“man; male”).
Derived terms
- 一男曰有,十女曰無 (nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô)
- 次男 (thứ nam)
- 男人魚 (nam nhân ngư)
- 男兒 (nam nhi)
- 男女 (nam nữ)
- 男子 (nam tử)
- 男尊女卑 (nam tôn nữ ti)
- 男性 (nam tính)
- 男正 (nam chính)
- 男清女秀 (nam thanh nữ tú)
- 男爵 (nam tước)
- 男生 (nam sinh)
- 男界 (nam giới)
- 男裝 (nam trang)
- 男食如虎,女食如貓 (nam thực như hổ, nữ thực như miêu)
- 重男輕女 (trọng nam khinh nữ)
- 長男 (trưởng nam)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
Yonaguni
Kanji
男 (hiragana びんが, romaji binga)
Etymology
From Proto-Ryukyuan *wenga.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /biŋɡa/
Noun
男 (hiragana びんが, romaji binga)
- man
Yoron
Kanji
男 (hiragana をぅいが, romaji wuiga)
Etymology
From Proto-Ryukyuan *weke + *-ga (“diminutive suffix”).
Noun
男 (hiragana をぅいが, romaji wuiga)
- man