璧流離

Chinese

	piece of jade with hole in center	to wander about homeless; to live as a refugee
trad. (璧流離)	璧	流離
simp. (璧流离)	璧	流离
alternative forms	璧琉璃

Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of a corrupted form of Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye; jewel; lapis lazuli”), Pali veḷuriya (“lapis lazuli”). Related to 吠瑠璃 (fèiliúlí), 琉璃 (liúlí).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìliúlí
(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bik¹ lau⁴ lei⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bìliúlí
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìlióulí
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴-liu²-li²
  - Yale: bì-lyóu-lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihliouli
  - Palladius: билюли (biljuli)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹ ljoʊ̯³⁵ li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: bik¹ lau⁴ lei⁴
  - Yale: bīk làuh lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷ lau⁴ lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: big¹ leo⁴ léi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵ lɐu̯²¹ lei̯²¹/

Middle Chinese: /piᴇk̚ lɨu liᴇ/

Rime
Character	璧	流	離
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/3
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	來 (37)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	清 (123)	尤 (136)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	必益切	力求切	呂支切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇk̚/	/lɨu/	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛk̚/	/liu/	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/piæk̚/	/liəu/	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piajk̚/	/luw/	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/piɛk̚/	/liu/	/lie/
Wang Li	/pĭɛk̚/	/lĭəu/	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯ɛk̚/	/li̯ə̯u/	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi	liú	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik¹	lau⁴	lei⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pek ru [r]aj/
(Zhengzhang): /*peɡ ru rel/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	璧	流	離
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì	liú	lí
Middle Chinese	‹ pjiek ›	‹ ljuw ›	‹ lje ›
Old Chinese	/*pek/	/*ru/	/*[r]aj/
English	circular jade insignium	flow (v.)	meet with, encounter
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	璧	流	離
Reading #	1/1	1/1	2/3
No.	676	8335	7780
Phonetic component	辟	流	离
Rime group	錫	幽	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	辟	劉	離
Old Chinese	/*peɡ/	/*ru/	/*rel/
Notes		或爲毓省聲	甲文象隹入網羅，離反爲省文

Noun

璧流離

(literary, obsolete) cat's-eye
- 出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠璣、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流離。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  出封牛、水牛、象、大狗、沐猴、孔爵、珠玑、珊瑚、虎魄、璧流离。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Chū fēngniú, shuǐniú, xiàng, dàgǒu, mùhóu, kǒngjué, zhūjī, shānhú, hǔpò, bìliúlí. [Pinyin]
  (The country of Jibin in the Western Regions) produces bison, buffalo, elephants, big dogs (kuchis?), macaques, peacocks, jewels, corals, ambers and cat's eyes.