瑪瑙
See also: 玛瑙
Chinese
trad. (瑪瑙) | 瑪 | 瑙 | |
---|---|---|---|
simp. (玛瑙) | 玛 | 瑙 | |
alternative forms | 碼碯/码碯 碼瑙/码瑙 馬瑙/马瑙 馬腦/马脑 |
Etymology
From earlier 馬腦 (mǎnǎo, “horse's brain”), as a (probably mistranslated) calque of Sanskrit अश्मगर्भ (aśmagarbha, “gemstone”, literally “stone + [womb, fetus, or kernel]”) from translated Buddhist texts. Could be a mistranslation, since “horse” in Sanskrit is अश्व (aśva).
Compare Tibetan རྟ་ཀླད (rta klad, “agate”, literally “horse + brain”), said to be a Chinese calque, which is later semantically regularised into རྡོ་ཀླད (rdo klad, “agate”, literally “stone + brain”).
Pronunciation
Noun
瑪瑙
- (mineralogy) agate
Derived terms
|
|
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (瑪瑙):
- → Japanese: 瑪瑙 (menō)
- → Korean: 마노(瑪瑙) (mano)
- → Vietnamese: mã não (瑪瑙)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
瑪 | 瑙 |
め Hyōgaiji | のう Hyōgaiji |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
馬瑙 (rare) |
Etymology
/menau/ → /menɔː/ → /menoː/
First attested in the Nihon Shoki (720 CE).[1]
From Middle Chinese 瑪瑙 (MC mˠaX nɑuX).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) めのー [méꜜnòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- (Tokyo) めのー [mènóó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- (Tokyo) めのー [mènóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
- IPA(key): [me̞no̞ː]
Noun
瑪瑙 • (menō) ←めなう (menau)?
- (mineralogy) an agate
Derived terms
- 苔瑪瑙 (koke menō, “moss agate”)
- 縞瑪瑙 (shima-menō, “onyx, sardonyx”)
Proper noun
瑪瑙 • (Menō) ←めなう (Menau)?
- a female given name
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
瑪 | 瑙 |
Noun
瑪瑙 • (mano) (hangeul 마노)
- Hanja form? of 마노 (“agate”).
Vietnamese
Hán tự in this term | |
---|---|
瑪 | 瑙 |
Noun
瑪瑙
- chữ Hán form of mã não (“agate”).