瑜伽

瑜伽

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (瑜伽)		瑜	伽
variant forms		瑜珈

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit योग (yoga) [7th century].

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yújiā

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ gaa¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yì-kâ
• Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): ru⁵ gia¹
• Wu (Wiktionary): hhy jia (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Pinyin: yújiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄐㄧㄚ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yujia
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yújia
    • IPA ^(key): /y˧˥ t͡ɕjä˥/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 漁家／渔家 瑜伽

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ gaa¹
    • Yale: yùh gā
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ gaa¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ ga¹
    • IPA ^(key): /jyː˨˩ käː˥/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 儒家 漁家／渔家 瑜伽

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: iˇ ga´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
    • IPA: /i˩ ka˨˦/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yì-kâ
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˇ ga´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yi² ga¹
    • IPA: /(j)i˩ ka˨˦/
• Min Nan
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ru⁵ gia¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jû kia
    • IPA ^(key): /d͡zu⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kia³³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhy jia (T3)
    • IPA ^(key): /ɦy˨ t͡ɕia̱˦/

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• Middle Chinese: /jɨo  ɡɨɑ/▼

Rime
Character	瑜	伽
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)	戈 (96)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	羊朱切	求迦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨo/	/ɡɨɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/jio/	/ɡiɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juə̆/	/gɨa/
Li Rong	/io/	/ɡiɑ/
Wang Li	/jĭu/	/ɡǐɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯u/	/gi̯ɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	qié

Noun

瑜伽

1. yoga (physical, mental, and spiritual practice or discipline)

   練瑜伽 / 练瑜伽  ―  liàn yújiā  ―  to practise yoga

Synonyms

• 瑜伽功 (yújiāgōng)
• 瑜伽術／瑜伽术 (yújiāshù)

Derived terms

熱力瑜伽／热力瑜伽 (rèlì yújiā) 熱瑜伽／热瑜伽 (rèyújiā) 瑜伽士 (yújiāshì) 瑜伽宗

瑜伽師地論／瑜伽师地论 瑜伽派 瑜伽行派 高溫瑜伽／高温瑜伽 (gāowēn yújiā)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (瑜伽):

• → Japanese: 瑜 (ゆ)伽 (が) (yuga)
• → Korean: 유가 (瑜伽, yuga)
• → Vietnamese: du già (瑜伽)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
瑜	伽
ゆ Hyōgaiji	が Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 瑜伽 (jɨo ɡɨɑ).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ゆ​が [yúꜜgà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
  • IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ᵝɡa̠]

Noun

瑜伽 (hiragana ゆが, rōmaji yuga)

1. yoga

Synonyms

• ヨーガ (yōga)

Derived terms

• 三密瑜伽 (さんみつゆが) (sanmitsuyuga)
• 瑜伽教 (ゆがきょう) (yugakyō)
• 瑜伽三密 (ゆがさんみつ) (yugasanmitsu)
• 瑜伽師地論 (ゆがしじろん) (yugashijiron)
• 瑜伽宗 (ゆがしゅう) (yugashū)
• 瑜伽上乗 (ゆがじょうじょう) (yugajōjō)
• 瑜伽振鈴 (ゆがしんれい) (yugashinrei)
• 瑜伽論 (ゆがろん) (yugaron)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN