琉璃
Chinese
| phonetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (琉璃) | 琉 | 璃 | |
| simp. #(琉璃) | 琉 | 璃 | |
| alternative forms | 瑠璃 流離／流离 | ||
Etymology
From an unidentified language in the Western Regions, perhaps a Prakrit language, e.g. Gandhari 𐨬𐨅𐨜𐨂𐨪𐨁𐨩 (veḍuriya),[1] a form attested in as a component in a proper noun. Compare Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”).[2] The Middle Chinese reflex may have been subjected to hyperthesis with the ḍ- and r- syllables exchanged, with further ḍ > l (Ji, 1998v4).
Pronunciation
Noun
琉璃
- (literary, originally) a kind of blue and translucent natural precious stone, probably lapis lazuli
- coloured glaze similar to this kind of stone
- (literary) Synonym of 玻璃 (bōli, “glass”).
- (literary) lamp made from glass
- (literary, figuratively) any translucent object
- (Beijing) dragonfly
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 蜻蜓 (“dragonfly”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 蜻, 蜻蜓, 蜻蛉, 虰蛵 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蜻蜓 | |
| Taxonomic name | 蜻蜓 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 螞螂, 老琉璃, 琉璃, 蜻蜓 |
| Taiwan | 蜻蜓 | |
| Tianjin | 老褐, 老蜓 | |
| Langfang | 螞螂 | |
| Tangshan | 螞螂 | |
| Cangzhou | 螞螂 | |
| Baoding | 螞螂 | |
| Shijiazhuang | 螞螂兒 | |
| Daming | 抨抨砣 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 螞螂兒 | |
| Harbin | 蜻蜓, 螞螂 | |
| Shenyang | 螞螂 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 蜻蜓兒, 老老擔兒 | |
| Qingdao | 蜻蜓 | |
| Jinan | 蜻蜓 | |
| Luoyang | 虰虰 | |
| Wanrong | 棒槌 | |
| Zhengzhou | 虰虰, 麥虰虰 | |
| Xi'an | 螞螂 | |
| Yinchuan | 老虎招招 | |
| Lanzhou | 春官 | |
| Xining | 蜻蜓 | |
| Ürümqi | 蜻蜓 | |
| Wuhan | 虰虰 | |
| Huanggang | 蜻雀兒 | |
| Chengdu | 虰虰貓兒, 蜻蜓 | |
| Guiyang | 蜻蜓 | |
| Kunming | 蜻蜓 | |
| Guilin | 蜻蜓 | |
| Guanyang | 咩咩蛘 | |
| Pingle | 咩咩蛘 | |
| Liuzhou | 塘咩, 蜻蜓 | |
| Luzhai | 蜻蜓 | |
| Tianlin (Langping) | 沙蛘 | |
| Xuzhou | 光光蜓 | |
| Yangzhou | 蜻蜻子 | |
| Nanjing | 蜻蜻, 蜻蜓 | |
| Hefei | 蜻蜻, 蜻蜻子 | |
| Nantong | 䗌虰 | |
| Changle (Qinjiang) | 螞螂 | |
| Singapore | 蜻蜓 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 塘尾 |
| Hong Kong | 蜻蜓, 塘尾 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 囊蜊 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 囊蜺 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 囊蜊 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 囊蜊 | |
| Macau | 塘尾 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 塘尾 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 揚尾 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 囊泥 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 囊蜊 | |
| Foshan | 塘尾 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 塘尾 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 塘蜊 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 塘尾 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 塘尾 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 塘尾 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 蟲尾 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 塘尾 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 囊蜺 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 郎里 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 囊蜺 | |
| Taishan | 黃尾 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 黃蜺 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 禾狸 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 娘迷 | |
| Dongguan | 䗧蛜 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 塘泥 | |
| Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 蜋蜺 | |
| Qingyuan | 黃尾池 | |
| Fogang | 囊泥 | |
| Yingde (Hanguang) | 楊眉池 | |
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 蜻蜓 | |
| Shaoguan | 塘蜊 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蜋尾 | |
| Renhua | 羅尾仔 | |
| Lechang | 塘尾, 後尾 | |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 塘尾 | |
| Sihui | 落尼 | |
| Guangning | 塘尼 | |
| Deqing | 塘尼 | |
| Huaiji | 蜋蜊 | |
| Yunfu | 塘尾 | |
| Xinxing | 塘尾 | |
| Luoding | 塘尼 | |
| Yangjiang | 朋蜺 | |
| Xinyi | 癩痢 | |
| Maoming (Xinpo) | 囊呢 | |
| Nanning | 塘咩 | |
| Wuzhou | 塘蜺 | |
| Yulin | 塘蜺 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蜻蜓 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 塘尾 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 塘尾 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 虰虰, 蜻蜓 |
| Lichuan | 港雞 | |
| Pingxiang | 揚尾 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 囊蜺仔, 囊蜺, 囊尾 |
| Xingning | 黃咪哩 | |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 囊蜺 | |
| Huiyang | 黃蜺仔, 黃蜺 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 黃蜺仔 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 黃蜺 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 黃蜺 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 黃你 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 黃尾哩, 娘尾哩 | |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 囊蜺哩 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 囊蜺 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 龍蟻子 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 囊蜺 | |
| Liannan | 囊蜺 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 黃蜺 | |
| Jiexi | 囊蜺 | |
| Changting | 挪尾 | |
| Wuping | 羊必子 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 揚尾子 | |
| Liancheng | 蒙里 | |
| Ninghua | 管胚 | |
| Yudu | 塘尾 | |
| Ruijin | 囊蟻子 | |
| Shicheng | 康雞 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 塘子 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 揚尾仔 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 揚尾仔 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 囊蜺仔, 揚尾仔 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 揚尾 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 囊蜺仔 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蛘蜺 | |
| Hong Kong | 黃蜺 | |
| Luchuan | 螗蜊 | |
| Sabah (Longchuan) | 囊蜺 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 囊蜺 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 蜓蜓 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 兒蜻 |
| Pingyao | 水師婆 | |
| Xinzhou | 河蟢蟢 | |
| Hohhot | 蜻蜓 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 水池牌兒 | |
| Handan | 水蜓蜓 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 刊魁 |
| Songxi | 紅魁仔 | |
| Zhenghe | 狐狸仔 | |
| Jianyang | 刊魁仔, 刊魁 | |
| Wuyishan | 刊魁 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 螞蝴 |
| Changle | 蜻胲 | |
| Fuqing | 茶茶娘 | |
| Yongtai | 蜻胲 | |
| Gutian | 蜻𧉪 | |
| Fu'an | 蜻𧉪 | |
| Ningde | 蜻𧉪娘 | |
| Shouning | 蜻𧉪 | |
| Zhouning | 蜻𧉪 | |
| Fuding | 蜻𧉪 | |
| Matsu | 螞蝴 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 田嬰 |
| Quanzhou | 田嬰 | |
| Jinjiang | 田嬰, 山蜊 | |
| Anxi | 含嬰 | |
| Yongchun | 田嬰 | |
| Dehua | 田嬰 | |
| Zhangzhou | 田嬰 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 田嬰 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 蜻咩 | |
| Pinghe | 田嬰 | |
| Zhangpu | 田嬰 | |
| Zhao'an | 山咩 | |
| Dongshan | 田嬰, 山咩 rural | |
| Taipei | 𧌄嬰 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 田嬰 | |
| Kaohsiung | 田嬰 | |
| Yilan | 田嬰 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 田嬰 | |
| Taichung | 田嬰 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 田嬰 | |
| Tainan | 田嬰 | |
| Taitung | 田嬰 | |
| Hsinchu | 田嬰 | |
| Kinmen | 田嬰 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 田嬰 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 田嬰 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 田嬰, 山蜊 | |
| Longyan | 羅離 | |
| Zhangping | 臭尼 | |
| Zhangping (Yongfu) | 新嬰 | |
| Datian | 翼嬰 | |
| Chaozhou | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Shantou | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Jieyang | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Haifeng | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 𬠋𧌊 | |
| Leizhou | 蛅蛉 | |
| Wenchang | 雙枒, 雙夏, 雙翼 | |
| Haikou | 蜻蜓 | |
| Qionghai | 雙枒, 雙翼 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 淺咪叉, 淺咪叉蝦 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蜻蜓 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 新人 | |
| Suzhou | 蜻蜓 | |
| Wuxi | 蜻蜓 | |
| Danyang | 蜻蜓, 蜻蜓蜓, 蜓 | |
| Hangzhou | 蜻蜓 | |
| Ningbo | 蜻蜓 | |
| Wenzhou | 蜻蜓 | |
| Jinhua | 蜻蜓 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 洋咪咪 |
| Xiangtan | 洋眯眯 | |
| Loudi | 洋咪咪 | |
| Shuangfeng | 洋洋蠛, 洋媽蠛 | |
Derived terms
|
|
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (琉璃):
- → Japanese: 琉璃 (ruri)
- → Korean: 유리(琉璃) (yuri)
- → Vietnamese: lưu li (琉璃)
References
- Stefan Baums; Andrew Glass (2016), “Veḍuriyaprabha”, in A Dictionary of Gandhari
- 1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, page 138:
- The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 琉 | 璃 |
| る Jinmeiyō | り Grade: S |
| goon | on’yomi |
Etymology
The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 琉璃.
| For pronunciation and definitions of 琉璃 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 琉璃, is an alternative spelling of the above Sino-Japanese term.) |
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 琉 | 璃 |
Noun
琉璃 • (yuri) (hangeul 유리)
- Hanja form? of 유리 (“glass”).