琉球

琉球

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (琉球)		琉	球
simp. #(琉球)		琉	球
alternative forms		流求 legend 琉求 legend 留求 legend 瑠求 legend

Etymology

First attested in 《隋書》 (636) as 流求 (MC lɨu ɡɨu). Further origin unknown.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Liúqiú

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ kau⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Liù-khiù
• Min Dong (BUC): Liù-giù
• Min Nan (POJ): Liû-khiû / Liû-kiû

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Liúqiú
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄑㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lióucióu
    • Wade–Giles: Liu²-chʻiu²
    • Yale: Lyóu-chyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Liouchyou
    • Palladius: Люцю (Ljucju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljoʊ̯³⁵ t͡ɕʰjoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: lau⁴ kau⁴
    • Yale: làuh kàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ kau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ keo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ kʰɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Liù-khiù
    • Hakka Romanization System: liuˇ kiuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liu² kiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ kʰi̯u¹¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Liù-giù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieu⁵³⁻³³ ^(k-)ieu⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liû-khiû
    • Tâi-lô: Liû-khiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liu'qiuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ kʰiu²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kʰiu²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Liû-kiû
    • Tâi-lô: Liû-kiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liu'kiuu
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ kiu²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ kiu²⁴/

Note: Liû-khiû - especially the island and township.

Proper noun

琉球

1. (historical) Liuqiu, Lieuchieu (a legendary kingdom east of medieval China variously placed in the Okinawa, Taiwan, or the Penghu Islands)
2. Ryukyu, Ryūkyū (an archipelago in Japan)
3. (～嶼) Liuqiu (an island in Pingtung, Taiwan)

   • 八月十五彼一天，船要離開琉球港。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     八月十五彼一天，船要离开琉球港。 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 陳一郎, 行船人的純情曲

     Poeh-goe̍h cha̍p-gō͘ hit chi̍t kang, chûn beh lī-khui Liû-khiû káng. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     On August fifteenth, the boat will be leaving the harbour of Xiaoliuqiu Island.

   Synonym: 小琉球 (Xiǎoliúqiú)

4. (～鄉) Liuqiu (a township in Pingtung, Taiwan)

Derived terms

琉球族 (Liúqiúzú) 琉球鼠李 (Liúqiú shǔlǐ)

琉球群島／琉球群岛 (Liúqiú Qúndǎo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (琉球):

• → Vietnamese: Lưu Cầu (琉球), lưu cầu (琉球)

Others:

• → Manchu: ᠯᡳᠣ
  ᡴᡳᠣ (lio kio)
• → Portuguese: leque

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
琉	球
りゅう Jinmeiyō	きゅう Grade: 3
kan’on

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 流求 (MC lɨu ɡɨu).

First attested to a text in roughly 835 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) りゅうきゅ​う [ryùúkyúꜜù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɾʲɨᵝːkʲɨᵝː]

Proper noun

琉(りゅう)球(きゅう) • (Ryūkyū) ^{←りうきう (riukiu)?} (kyūjitai 琉毬)

1. Ryukyu
2. Liuqiu Island, Taiwan

Pronunciation

• (Kagoshima) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑukju/, /d͡ʑikju/, /d͡ʑiku/, /d͡ʑiki/

Proper noun

琉球(じゅきゅ) or 琉球(じきゅ) or 琉球(じく) or 琉球(ぢき) • (Jukyu or Jikyu or Jiku or Jiki) 

1. (dialect, Kagoshima) Ryukyu; Ryukyu Islands

Further reading

• “じゅきゅ【琉球】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “じきゅ【琉球】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “じく【琉球】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “ぢき・じき【琉球】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Okinawan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɾuːt͡ɕuː/, /duːt͡ɕuː/

Proper noun

琉球 (hiragana るーちゅー, romaji Rūchū, alternative reading どぅーちゅー, romaji Dūchū)

1. Ryukyu, pertaining to the Ryukyu Islands or the former Ryukyu Kingdom

References

• “るーちゅー・どぅーちゅー【琉球】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
• “るーちゅー” in Okinawan Dictionary - KozaWeb.

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
琉	球

Noun

琉球

1. chữ Hán form of lưu cầu (“jade-inlaid sword”).

Proper noun

琉球

1. chữ Hán form of Lưu Cầu (“Ryukyu”).