玳瑁

玳瑁

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (玳瑁)		玳	瑁
alternative forms		蝳蝐 瑇瑁 毒冒

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Attested as early as in Lu Jia (陸賈)'s New Discourses (新語):

• 夫驢騾駱駞，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，擇地而居。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]

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  夫驴骡骆驼，犀象瑇瑁，琥珀珊瑚，翠羽珠玉，山生水藏，择地而居。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

  From: Lu Jia, Xinyu (A New Discourse), c. 197 BCE

  Fú lǘ luó luòtuó, xī xiàng dàimèi, hǔpò shānhú, cuìyǔ zhūyù, shān shēng shuǐ cáng, zé dì ér jū. [Pinyin]

  Donkeys, mules, camels, rhinoceroses, elephants, hawksbill sea turtles, ambers, corals, kingfishers' fathers, pearls, and jades; they are generated on mountains or stored in the seas; each chooses a place to dwell.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàimào, dàimèi

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋ, ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): doi⁶ mui⁶, doi⁶ mou⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): tāi-bō͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàimào
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàimào
    • Wade–Giles: tai⁴-mao⁴
    • Yale: dài-màu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymaw
    • Palladius: даймао (dajmao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàimàor
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄠˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàimàor
    • Wade–Giles: tai⁴-maorh⁴
    • Yale: dài-màur
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymawl
    • Palladius: даймаор (dajmaor)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ maʊ̯ɻʷ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàimèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ ㄇㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàimèi
    • Wade–Giles: tai⁴-mei⁴
    • Yale: dài-mèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daymey
    • Palladius: даймэй (dajmɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ meɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: doi⁶ mui⁶, doi⁶ mou⁶
    • Yale: doih muih, doih mouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doi⁶ mui⁶, doi⁶ mou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: doi⁶ mui⁶, doi⁶ mou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɔːi̯²² muːi̯²²/, /tɔːi̯²² mou̯²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tāi-bō͘
    • Tâi-lô: tāi-bōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: daixbo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tai²²⁻²¹ bɔ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: /dʌi^H|duok̚  muʌi^H|muok̚/

Rime
Character	玳	玳	瑁	瑁
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)	明 (4)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	冬 (6)	灰 (42)	冬 (6)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I	I
Fanqie	徒耐切	徒沃切	莫佩切	莫沃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dʌiH/	/duok̚/	/muʌiH/	/muok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dəiH/	/duok̚/	/muoiH/	/muok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɒiH/	/dok̚/	/muɒiH/	/mok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəjH/	/dawk̚/	/mwəjH/	/mawk̚/
Li Rong	/dᴀiH/	/dok̚/	/muᴀiH/	/mok̚/
Wang Li	/dɒiH/	/duok̚/	/muɒiH/	/muok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑ̆iH/	/dʱuok̚/	/muɑ̆iH/	/muok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	dú	mèi	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	doi6	duk6	mui6	muk6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːɡs  mɯːɡs|muːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	玳	瑁	瑁
Reading #	1/1	2/3	3/3
No.	14967	8920	8925
Phonetic component	弋	冃	冃
Rime group	代	代	覺
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	代	妹	瑁
Old Chinese	/*l'ɯːɡs/	/*mɯːɡs/	/*muːɡ/
Notes	瑇字注或體見淮南子	見淮南子玳瑁	見子虛賦，漢書作毒冒

Noun

玳瑁

1. hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)

   • 時珍曰：按范成大《虞衡志》云：玳瑁生海洋深處。狀如龜黿而殼稍長，背有甲十三片，黑白斑文，相錯而成。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     时珍曰：按范成大《虞衡志》云：玳瑁生海洋深处。状如龟鼋而壳稍长，背有甲十三片，黑白斑文，相错而成。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE

     Shízhēn yuē: àn Fànchéngdà “Yú héng zhì” yún: dàimào shēng hǎiyáng shēnchù. Zhuàng rú guī yuán ér ké shāo cháng, bèi yǒu jiǎ shísān piàn, hēibái bānwén, xiàngcuò ér chéng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

2. shell of the hawksbill sea turtle

   • …菩提子三斗、青蓮華廿莖、玳瑁疊子八面、天竺革履二緉… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     …菩提子三斗、青莲华廿茎、玳瑁叠子八面、天竺革履二𮉧… [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 779 AD, 淡海三船 (Ōmi no Mifune) 《唐大和上東征傳》

     ... pútízǐ sān dǒu, qīnglián huá niàn jīng, dàimào diézǐ bā miàn, tiānzhú gélǚ èr liǎng... [Pinyin]

     […] three jars filled with seedlings of the bodhi tree, twenty stalks of the blue lotus flower, eight dishes made from the shell of the hawksbill sea turtle, two pairs of leather shoes from India […]

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (玳瑁):

• → Japanese: 玳瑁(タイマイ) (taimai)
• → Korean: 대모(玳瑁) (daemo)
• → Vietnamese: đại mội (玳瑁)

Others:

• → Vietnamese: đồi mồi

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
玳	瑁
たい Hyōgaiji	まい Hyōgaiji
kan’on	goon

Alternative spelling
瑇瑁

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 玳瑁 (MC dʌi^H muʌi^H).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi
• (Tokyo) たいまい [tàímáí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ima̠i]

Noun

玳(たい)瑁(まい) • (taimai) 

1. a hawksbill sea turtle

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
3. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
玳	瑁

Alternative forms

• 瑇瑁

Noun

玳瑁 • (daemo) (hangeul 대모)

1. Hanja form^? of 대모 (“hawksbill sea turtle”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
玳	瑁

Noun

玳瑁

1. chữ Hán form of đại mội (“hawksbill sea turtle”).
2. Nôm form of đồi mồi (“hawksbill sea turtle; liver spots”).