獅
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Translingual
Han character
獅 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大竹竹口月 (KHHRB), four-corner 41227, composition ⿰犭師)
References
- KangXi: page 717, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20609
- Dae Jaweon: page 1128, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1363, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7345
Chinese
| trad. | 獅 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 狮 | |
| alternative forms | 師／师 archaic | |
Glyph origin
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 篩 | *sreːl, *srel, *sri |
| 師 | *sri |
| 鰤 | *sri |
| 蒒 | *sri |
| 獅 | *sri |
| 螄 | *sri |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri).
Etymology
Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded.
Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː).
Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.
Pronunciation
Definitions
獅
- lion
Synonyms
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 獅子, 獅 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 獅子 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 獅子 |
| Taiwan | 獅子 | |
| Ulanhot | 獅子 | |
| Tongliao | 獅子 | |
| Chifeng | 獅子 | |
| Bayanhot | 獅子 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 獅子 | |
| Harbin | 獅子 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 獅子 | |
| Jinan | 獅子 | |
| Wanrong | 獅子 | |
| Zhengzhou | 獅子 | |
| Xi'an | 獅子 | |
| Yinchuan | 獅子 | |
| Lanzhou | 獅子 | |
| Xining | 獅子 | |
| Ürümqi | 獅子 | |
| Wuhan | 獅子 | |
| Chengdu | 獅子 | |
| Chongqing | 獅子 | |
| Guiyang | 獅子 | |
| Liuzhou | 獅子 | |
| Xuzhou | 獅子 | |
| Yangzhou | 獅子 | |
| Nanjing | 獅子 | |
| Hefei | 獅子 | |
| Singapore | 獅子 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 獅子 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 獅子 |
| Hong Kong | 獅子 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 獅子 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 獅子 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 獅仔 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 獅子 | |
| Macau | 獅子 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 獅子 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 獅子 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 獅子 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 獅子 | |
| Foshan | 獅子 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 獅子 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 獅子 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 獅子 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 獅子 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 獅子 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 獅子 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 獅子 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 獅子 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 獅子 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 獅子 | |
| Taishan | 獅子 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 獅子 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 獅 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 獅子 | |
| Dongguan | 獅子 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 獅 | |
| Yangjiang | 獅子 | |
| Danzhou | 獅子 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 獅子 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 獅子 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 獅子 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 獅子 |
| Lichuan | 獅仔 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 獅仔 |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 獅 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 獅仔 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 獅仔 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 獅子 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 獅哩 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 獅子 | |
| Jiexi | 獅 | |
| Luhe | 獅 | |
| Yudu | 獅子 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 獅仔 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 獅仔 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 獅仔 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 獅 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 獅仔 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 獅 | |
| Hong Kong | 獅子 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 獅子 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 獅 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 獅子 |
| Xinzhou | 獅子 | |
| Taibus (Baochang) | 獅子 | |
| Linhe | 獅子 | |
| Jining | 獅子 | |
| Hohhot | 獅子 | |
| Baotou | 獅子 | |
| Dongsheng | 獅子 | |
| Haibowan | 獅子 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 獅子 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 獅 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 獅, 獅仔 |
| Quanzhou | 獅 | |
| Zhangzhou | 獅, 獅仔 | |
| Zhao'an | 獅 | |
| Kaohsiung | 獅 | |
| Yilan | 獅 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 獅 | |
| Taichung | 獅 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 獅 | |
| Tainan | 獅 | |
| Taitung | 獅 | |
| Hsinchu | 獅 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 獅 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 獅 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 獅, 獅仔 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 獅, 獅仔 | |
| Chaozhou | 獅 | |
| Shantou | 獅 | |
| Jieyang | 獅 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 獅 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 獅 | |
| Wenchang | 獅 | |
| Haikou | 獅 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 獅 |
| Xianyou | 獅 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 獅子 |
| Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 獅子 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 獅子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 獅子 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 獅子 | |
| Suzhou | 獅子 | |
| Danyang | 獅子 | |
| Hangzhou | 獅子 | |
| Ningbo | 獅子 | |
| Wenzhou | 獅子 | |
| Jinhua | 獅子 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 獅子 |
| Shuangfeng | 獅子 | |
Compounds
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|
|
Descendants
- → Japanese: 獅 (shi)
- → Korean: 사(獅) (sa)
- → Vietnamese: sư (獅)
References
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02534
- “Entry #9751”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)
- a lion
Readings
- Go-on: し (shi)
- Kan-on: し (shi)
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 獅 (MC ʃˠiɪ).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Goon
- IPA(key): [ɕi]
Noun
獅 • (shi)
- lion
Usage notes
Very rarely used on its own. The shishi reading is almost always spelled as 獅子.
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 獅 (MC ʃˠiɪ). Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆞ (so) (Yale: so) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa))
- Hanja form? of 사 (“lion”).
Compounds
- 사자 (獅子, saja)
- 사자좌 (獅子座, sajajwa)
- 사자무 (獅子舞, sajamu)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
獅: Hán Việt readings: sư[1][2][3]
獅: Nôm readings: sư[4][5][6]
- chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”).
References
- Trần (1999).
- Nguyễn (1974).
- Thiều Chửu (1942).
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Trần (2004).
- Vũ (1998).