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单词 狼
释义

狼

See also: 狠
狼 U+72FC, 狼
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72FC
← 狻
[U+72FB]		CJK Unified Ideographs狽 →
[U+72FD]
狼 U+F92B, 狼
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F92B
← 浪
[U+F92A]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs郎 →
[U+F92C]

Translingual

Han character

狼 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹戈日女 (KHIAV), four-corner 43232, composition ⿰犭良)

Derived characters

  • 𦵧, 𥱉, 𮯏

References

  • KangXi: page 712, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20432
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1124, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1350, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+72FC
  • Unihan data for U+F92B

Chinese

simp. and trad.
狼

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狼
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
剆*raːl, *raːlʔ
郎*raːŋ
稂*raːŋ
桹*raːŋ
鋃*raːŋ
硠*raːŋ
浪*raːŋ, *raːŋs
蜋*raːŋ, *raŋ
琅*raːŋ
狼*raːŋ
欴*raːŋ
踉*raːŋ, *raŋ, *raŋs
莨*raːŋ, *raːŋs
艆*raːŋ
駺*raːŋ
躴*raːŋ
筤*raːŋ
閬*raːŋ, *raːŋs
哴*raːŋ, *raŋs
蓈*raːŋ
廊*raːŋ
榔*raːŋ, *raːŋʔ
螂*raːŋ
瑯*raːŋ
朗*raːŋʔ
朖*raːŋʔ
誏*raːŋʔ
俍*raːŋʔ
崀*raːŋʔ
埌*raːŋs
蒗*raːŋs
娘*naŋ
良*raŋ
粮*raŋ
悢*raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 犭 + phonetic 良 (OC *raŋ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): láng (lang2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄤˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): nang2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лон (lon, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): long4
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): long3
  • Gan (Wiktionary): lang4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lòng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): long2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): lon1
  • Min Bei (KCR): lǒng
  • Min Dong (BUC): lòng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lông / liông / lâng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lang5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): laan (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): lan2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: láng
      • Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: láng
      • Wade–Giles: lang2
      • Yale: láng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lang
      • Palladius: лан (lan)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɑŋ³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: nang2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lang
      • Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лон (lon, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɑŋ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: long4
      • Yale: lòhng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: long4
      • Guangdong Romanization: long4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɔːŋ²¹/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: long3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɔŋ²²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: lang4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lòng
      • Hakka Romanization System: longˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: long2
      • Sinological IPA: /loŋ¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: long2
      • Sinological IPA: /lɔŋ¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: lon1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɒ̃¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǒng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɔŋ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: lòng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃ouŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lông
      • Tâi-lô: lông
      • Phofsit Daibuun: loong
      • IPA (Zhangpu): /lɔŋ²¹³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ¹³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /lɔŋ²⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ²³/
    • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
      • Tâi-lô: liông
      • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Longyan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng
      • Tâi-lô: lâng
      • Phofsit Daibuun: laang
      • IPA (Longyan): /laŋ¹¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lang5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /laŋ⁵⁵/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: laan (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɑ̃²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: lan2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃an¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /lɑŋ/
Rime
Character狼
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)來 (37)
Final (韻)唐 (101)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie魯當切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/lɑŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		/lɑŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		/lɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/laŋ/
Li
Rong		/lɑŋ/
Wang
Li		/lɑŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		/lɑŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		láng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		long4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*raːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character狼
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		láng
Middle
Chinese		‹ lang ›
Old
Chinese		/*[r]ˁaŋ/
Englishwolf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character狼
Reading #1/1
No.8019
Phonetic
component		良
Rime
group		陽
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		郎
Old
Chinese		/*raːŋ/
Notes甲文作𤜪

Definitions

狼

  1. wolf (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 m c; 條／条 m; 頭／头 m)
    • 寧成為濟南都尉，其治如狼牧羊。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      宁成为济南都尉，其治如狼牧羊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
      Níng Chéng wèi Jǐnán dōuwèi, qí zhì rú láng mùyáng. [Pinyin]
      When Ning Cheng was the commandant of Jinan, his governance was like a wolf tending to sheep.
  2. (figurative) dirty guy; pervert

Synonyms

  • (wolf):
Dialectal synonyms of 狼 (“wolf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)狼
MandarinBeijing狼
Taiwan狼
Tianjin狼
Chengde狼
Tangshan狼
Cangzhou狼
Baoding狼
Shijiazhuang狼
Chifeng狼
Hulunbuir (Hailar)狼
Heihe狼
Qiqihar張三兒
Harbin狼, 張三兒
Jiamusi狼, 狼三兒, 張三兒
Baicheng狼
Changchun狼
Tonghua狼
Shenyang狼
Dandong狼, 張三
Jinzhou狼, 張三兒
Dalian狼
Yantai狼, 媽虎
Yantai (Muping)狼, 麻胡
Qingdao狼, 媽虎
Lijin狼, 媽虎
Zhucheng狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Jinan狼, 媽虎, 媽猴
Jining狼, 大媽虎
Luoyang狼, 狼扒子
Wanrong狼
Shangqiu狼
Yuanyang狼
Zhengzhou狼
Lingbao狼
Xinyang狼, 大尾巴狗
Baihe狼
Hanzhong狼
Xi'an狼
Baoji狼
Yinchuan狼
Tianshui狼
Lanzhou狼
Dunhuang狼
Xining狼狼, 狼
Hami狼
Ürümqi狼
Wuhan狼, 豺狗, 豺狗子
Yichang狼, 野狗, 豺狗
Xiangyang狼, 豺狼
Tianmen狼, 豺狗
Hong'an狼, 豺狗
Chengdu狼
Nanchong狼
Dazhou狼
Hanyuan狼
Xichang狼, 豺狗子, 豺狗
Zigong狼
Chongqing狼
Guiyang豺狗
Zunyi豺狗
Bijie豺狗
Liping狼
Zhaotong土豹子
Dali豺狗
Kunming野狗, 豺狗
Mengzi豺狗
Guilin狼
Liuzhou狼, 豺狼
Jishou狼, 豺狗
Changde豺狼
Anqing狼
Xuzhou狼
Fuyang狼
Wuhu狼
Yangzhou狼
Lianyungang狼
Lianshui狼
Nanjing狼
Hefei狼
Nantong狼
Singapore狼
CantoneseGuangzhou狼
Hong Kong狼
Dongguan狼
Yangjiang狼
GanNanchang狼, 豺狗
HakkaMeixian豺狼
HuizhouJixi狼
Shexian狼
JinTaiyuan狼, 麻胡子, 麻虎, 麻圪節, 麻圪夾
Pingyao麻胡
Yangyuan狼
Datong狼
Xinzhou狼
Lishi狼, 山神爺兒
Linfen狼, 麻虎兒
Changzhi狼
Linhe狼
Jining狼
Hohhot狼
Erenhot狼
Pingshan狼
Zhangjiakou狼
Handan狼
Linzhou狼
Suide狼, 山神爺
Min BeiJian'ou狼
Min DongFuzhou狼
Min NanXiamen狼
Quanzhou狼
Jinjiang普狸
Chaozhou狼, 豺狗
Jieyang豺狗
Min ZhongYong'an狼
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)狼
WuShanghai狼
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)狼
Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)狼
Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)狼
Shanghai (Songjiang)狼
Suzhou狼
Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)狼
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)狼
Wuxi狼
Changshu狼
Kunshan狼
Jiaxing狼
Changzhou狼
Liyang狼
Jintan狼
Yixing狼
Danyang狼
Danyang (Tongjiaqiao)狼
Jingjiang狼
Jiangyin狼
Huzhou (Shuanglin)狼
Hangzhou狼
Shaoxing狼
Zhuji (Wangjiajing)狼
Shengzhou (Chongren)狼
Shengzhou (Taiping)狼
Ningbo狼
Yuyao狼
Huangyan狼
Wenzhou狼, 狼狗
Quzhou狼
Jinhua狼
Yongkang狼
XiangChangsha狼
Shuangfeng狼, 山馬

Compounds

Derived terms from 狼

Japanese

Kanji

狼

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. wolf

Readings

  • Go-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
  • Kan-on: ろう (rō)←らう (rau, historical)
  • Kun: おおかみ (ōkami, 狼)←おほかみ (ofokami, historical)

Compounds

Compounds

On'yomi:

  • 狼(ろう)咽(いん) (rōin): cleft palate
  • 狼(ろう)烟(えん) (rōen): a signal fire
  • 狼(ろう)煙(えん) (rōen): a signal fire
  • 狼(ろう)火(か) (rōka): a signal fire
  • 狼(ろう)牙(げ)棒(ぼう) (rōgebō): a wolf's teeth mace
  • 狼(ろう)子(し)野(や)心(しん) (rōshiyashin): untamed
  • 狼(ろう)藉(じゃく)日(にち) (rōjakunichi): in the Onmyōdō religion, a day when everything is evil
  • 狼(ろう)燧(すい) (rōsui): a signal fire
  • 狼(ろう)星(せい) (rōsei): Sirius, the Dog Star
  • 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき) (rōzeki): disorderly; violent; savage
  • 狼(ろう)藉(ぜき)者(もの) (rōzekimono): a ruffian
  • 狼(ろう)瘡(そう) (rōsō): (pathology) lupus
  • 狼(ろう)毒(どく) (rōdoku): Japanese wolfsbane, a poisonous perennial of the family Thymelaeaceae
  • 狼(ろう)狽(ばい) (rōbai): panic, confusion
  • 狼(ろう)戻(れい) (rōrei): disorderly; violent; savage

Kun'yomi:

  • 狼(おおかみ)男(おとこ) (ōkami otoko): a wolfman, a werewolf
  • 狼(おおかみ)座(ざ) (ōkamiza): the Lupus constellation
  • 狼(おおかみ)人(にん)間(げん) (ōkami ningen): a werewolf
  • 狼(おおかみ)弾(はじき) (ōkami hajiki)
  • 狼(おおかみ)者(もの) (ōkamimono): a brazen, impudent, or cunning person

Irregular:

  • 狼狽眼(うろたえまなこ) (urotaemanako): surprised or panicked eyes
  • 狼狽者(うろたえもの) (urotaemono): an easily confused person
  • 狼牙(みつもとそう) (mitsumotosō): a type of cinquefoil, sp. Potentilla cryptotaeniae
  • 狼煙守(のろしまもり) (noroshimamori): a signal fire keeper or tender

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかみ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

/opo kami2/ → /opokami/ → /ofokami/ → /owokami/ → /oːkami/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 大 (opo, “great”) +‎ 神 (kami, “god, spirit”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) お​おかみ [óꜜòkàmì] (Atamadaka – [1])[3][4]
    • IPA(key): [o̞ːka̠mʲi]

Noun

狼(おおかみ) • (ōkami) ←おほかみ (ofokami)? (counter 匹)

  1. a wolf (animal)
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
      狐狼 上扈反, 倭言岐都禰, 又狐諼獸鬼所乘有三徳, 狐疑不定也, 狼音良, 訓, 似犬也, 倭言大神也
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 7, page 56)
      犲狼 [...] 説文云、狼、音郎、於保加美、和名二字、本草和名、犲皮、和名於保加美、雄略紀、豺狼二字同訓、貝原氏曰、狼、於保加美 [...]
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 18, page 17) (Shinpukuji manuscript)
      犲狼: 兼名苑云狼一名犲音於説文云狼音即和名於保加美似犬而銃頭白頬者也爾雅注云獥音叫狼子也
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō
      狼（オホカミ）
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
    • 1444: Kagakushū (Volume 13)
      狼（ヲヽカミ）
      (please add an English translation of this quote)
  2. Short for 日本狼 (Nihon-ōkami, “Japanese wolf”).
    • 2006 May 20, Akaishi, Michiyo, “最(さい)終(しゅう)話(わ) [Final Chapter]”, in AMAKUSA(アマクサ)1637 [Amakusa 1637], volume 12 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 179:
      狼(おおかみ)って絶(ぜつ)滅(めつ)してないの？
      Ōkamitte zetsumetsu shite nai no?
      Aren’t wolves supposed to be extinct?
      狼(おおかみ)いっぱいいますよー　どうしたんです　会(かい)長(ちょう)　今日(きょう)は
      Ōkami ippai imasu yō Dō shitan desu kaichō kyō wa
      Wolves are all alive and well. Why are you acting so strange today, chief?
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オオカミ.

See also

  • (canids) イヌ科(か) (Inu-ka, “Canidae”); 犬(イヌ) (inu, “dog”), 狼(オオカミ) (ōkami, “wolf”), 狐(キツネ) (kitsune, “fox”), コヨーテ (koyōte, “coyote”), ジャッカル (jakkaru, “jackal”) (Category: ja:Canids)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
狼
おおかめ
Jinmeiyō
irregular

Alteration from ōkami above. Appears in the Kamakura period.[1][4]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • IPA(key): [o̞ːka̠me̞]

Noun

狼(おおかめ) • (ōkame) ←おほかめ (ofokame)?

  1. (possibly obsolete) a wolf (animal)
    • 1593: Esopono fabulas (Aesop's Fables), "Vôcameto, fitcujino tatoyeno coto"
      Aru cauabatani vôcamemo, fitcujimo mizzuuo nomuni, [...]
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 697)
      Vôcame. ヲゥカメ (狼) 狼.
    • 1632: Diego Collado, Dictionarium Sive Thesauri Linguae Iaponicae Compendium, page 75
      Lupus, i: lobo: yàmàinu. vel, vocame:

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  4. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  • Kamei, Takashi (1944) Kagakushū: Gennabon (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten
  • Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
  • Tadakane, Tachibana; Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971
  • Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狼 (MC lɑŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 라ᇰ (lang) (Yale: lang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource狼 (eumhun 이리 랑 (iri rang), South Korea 이리 낭 (iri nang))

  1. Hanja form? of 랑/낭 (“wolf”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 낭패 (狼狽, nangpae, “failure”)
  • 흑랑 (黑狼, heungnang, “Canis lupus”)
  • 호랑이 (虎狼이, horang'i, “tiger”)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

狼: Hán Việt readings: lang[1][2][3]
狼: Nôm readings: lang[1][2][4][5]

  1. chữ Hán form of lang (“wolf”).

Compounds

  • 𣋀天狼 (Sao Thiên Lang, “Sirius”)

References

  1. Nguyễn (2014).
  2. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. Trần (2004).
  4. Bonet (1899).
  5. Génibrel (1898).
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