狸
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Translingual
Han character
狸 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 大竹田土 (KHWG), four-corner 46214, composition ⿰犭里)
Derived characters
- 䔆, 𩮞, 𢟆
References
- KangXi: page 711, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20427
- Dae Jaweon: page 1123, character 27
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1348, character 11
- Unihan data for U+72F8
Chinese
trad. | 狸/貍* | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 狸 |
Glyph origin
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
埋 | *mrɯː |
霾 | *mrɯː |
薶 | *mrɯː |
榸 | *ʔr'ɯː |
厘 | *rɯ |
狸 | *rɯ |
貍 | *p·rɯ |
梩 | *rɯ |
艃 | *rɯ |
里 | *rɯʔ |
理 | *rɯʔ |
鯉 | *rɯʔ |
俚 | *rɯʔ |
悝 | *rɯʔ, *km̥ʰlɯː |
娌 | *rɯʔ |
裏 | *rɯʔ |
荲 | *r̥ʰɯɡ, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rɯ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). Originally an unorthodox variant (俗字) of the character 貍 (lí).
Pronunciation
Definitions
狸
- leopard cat
- 子獨不見狸狌乎? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
- Zǐ dú bù jiàn lí shēng hū? [Pinyin]
- Have you not seen a wildcat or a weasel?
子独不见狸狌乎? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- raccoon dog
- (obsolete) cat
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- raccoon dog
- wild cat
Readings
- Go-on: り (ri)
- Kan-on: り (ri)
- Kun: たぬき (tanuki, 狸)
Compounds
- 海狸 (kairi)
- 屈狸 (kuzuri)
- 狐狸 (kori)
- 狐狗狸 (kokkuri)
Alternative forms
Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たぬき Hyōgaiji |
kun’yomi |
- 貍
Etymology 1
According to one theory, derived from 手貫 (tanuki, “arm glove, gauntlet”), which raccoon dog hide was sometimes used for.[1]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) たぬき [táꜜnùkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2][3]
- IPA(key): [ta̠nɯ̟ᵝkʲi]
Noun
狸 • (tanuki)
- a raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō
- 狸 兼名苑云狸[音𨤲和名太奴木]摶鳥為粮者也
- Raccoon dog: According to Jian Ming Yuan (兼名苑), raccoon dogs [read as 𨤲 (ri), native Japanese 太奴木 (tanuki)] always prey on birds.
- Synonyms: マミ (mami), 狢 (mujina)
- 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō
- (figurative) a person who pretends to be good but in fact is cunning (compare English sly fox)
- 1717, Kokusen'ya gonichi gassen (jōruri), volume 3
- やいやい、其処な狸め
- yai yai, soko na tanuki me
- Hey there, you sly dog!
- やいやい、其処な狸め
- Short for 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
- (rare) Short for 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri): pretending to be asleep
- 狸を決め込む ― tanuki o kimekomu ― pretend to be a raccoon dog → feign sleep
- (rare, obsolete) Short for 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru): a soup made from tanuki meat mixed with daikon, burdock root, etc.
Derived terms
- 狸菖蒲 (tanuki ayame)
- 狸饂飩 (tanuki-udon)
- 狸親父 (tanuki oyaji)
- 狸顔 (tanukigao)
- 狸狩り (tanukigari)
- 狸小路 (Tanuki Kōji)
- 狸爺 (tanukijijī)
- 狸汁 (tanuki-jiru)
- 狸蕎麦 (tanuki-soba)
- 狸憑き (tanukitsuki)
- 狸寝 (tanukine)
- 狸寝入り (tanuki neiri)
- 狸の燭台 (tanuki no shokudai)
- 狸の茶袋 (tanuki no chabukuro)
- 狸婆 (tanukibabā)
- 狸囃子 (tanukibayashi)
- 狸笛 (tanukibue)
- 狸掘り (tanukibori)
- 狸豆 (tanukimame)
- 狸藻 (tanukimo)
- 狸蘭 (tanukiran)
- 飴細工の狸 (amezaiku no tanuki)
- 射狸 (Idanuki)
- 岩狸 (iwadanuki)
- 海狸 (umidanuki)
- 面白狸 (omoshiro-danuki)
- 隠狸 (Kakushidanuki)
- 狐と狸 (kitsune to tanuki)
- 初午の狸 (hatsuuma no tanuki)
- 古狸 (furudanuki)
- 本土狸 (hondo tanuki)
- 豆狸 (mamedanuki)
- 貒狸 (midanuki)
Idioms
- 狸の睾丸八畳敷 (tanuki no kintama hachijōjiki)
- 同じ穴の狸 (onaji ana no tanuki)
- 取らぬ狸の皮算用 (toranu tanuki no kawazan'yō)
Proverbs
- 狸の燭台 (tanuki no shokudai)
- 狸の腹鼓 (tanuki no haratsuzumi)
- 狐と狸の化かし合い (kitsune to tanuki no bakashi ai)
- 豺狼路に当たれり,安んぞ狐狸を問わん (sairō michi ni atareri, izukunzo kori o towan)
- 鹿待つ所の狸 (shika matsu tokoro no tanuki)
Descendants
- English: tanuki, tanooki
See also
- 穴熊 (anaguma, “badger”)
- 洗熊 (araiguma, “raccoon”)
- 犬 (inu, “dog”)
- 狐 (kitsune, “fox”)
- 猫 (neko, “cat”)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たたけ Hyōgaiji |
irregular |
⟨tatake2⟩ → */tatakəɨ/ → /tatake/
From Old Japanese.
Alternative forms
- 狸毛
Noun
狸 or 狸 • (tatake or tatage)
- (archaic, obsolete) a raccoon dog
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- 猫狸 [...] ニ又漢云野貍、倭言上尼古、下多〻既
- Cat and raccoon dog, [...] both of them are called 野貍 (yari) in Chinese; the former is called 尼古 (⟨neko1⟩ → neko) while the latter is called 多〻既 (⟨tatake2⟩ → tatake) in Japanese.
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki
- (archaic, obsolete) the hair of a raccoon dog, used for making brushes
- 1445-1446, Ainōshō
- タゝゲノ筆ナンド云。タゝ毛トハ。タヌキノ毛歟。狸ノ字ヲ。タゝゲトヨム
- Tatage no fude nando iu. Tatage to wa, tanuki no ke ka. Tanuki no ji o, tatage to yomu
- This is a so-called brush [made] of tatage. Tatage [spelled by the character 毛 meaning "hair"] might mean the hair of a raccoon dog. The 狸 character for "raccoon dog" is read as tatage.
- タゝゲノ筆ナンド云。タゝ毛トハ。タヌキノ毛歟。狸ノ字ヲ。タゝゲトヨム
- 1445-1446, Ainōshō
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
狸 |
たのき Hyōgaiji |
irregular |
Cognate with tanuki above.
Considered to be a result of irregular apophony in the medieval times.[4]
Noun
狸 • (tanoki)
- (dated, dialectal, Western Japan, chiefly Kansai) a raccoon dog
- c. 1529, Mōgyūshō
- ししやたのきの様な人でをり候ぞ
- Shishi ya tanoki no yō na hito de ori sōrō zo
- His personality is like a deer or raccoon dog, sir.
- ししやたのきの様な人でをり候ぞ
- c. 1529, Mōgyūshō
- (dated, dialectal, Kansai) Short for 狸饂飩 (tanoki-udon) and 狸蕎麦 (tanoki-soba): styles of various noodle dishes
See also
- 狐 (ketsune, “fox”, Kansai)
References
- タヌキ/狸/たぬき - Gogen Yurai Jiten
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- 狸/貍(タヌキ)とは - コトバンク, accessed 2019-02-12
Korean
Hanja
狸 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
- (너구리 리, neoguri-): raccoon dog
Synonyms
- 山獺 (산달, sandal)
Okinawan
Kanji
狸 (hiragana たぬき, romaji tanuki)
Etymology
Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as たぬき.[1]
Noun
狸 (hiragana たぬき, romaji tanuki)
- raccoon dog
References
- 1896: 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”). In Japanese. http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/992016/63
Vietnamese
Han character
狸: Hán Nôm readings: li
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