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单词 狗
释义

狗

See also: 豿
狗 U+72D7, 狗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72D7
← 狖
[U+72D6]		CJK Unified Ideographs狘 →
[U+72D8]

Translingual

Stroke order
Stroke order

Han character

狗 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大竹心口 (KHPR), four-corner 47220, composition ⿰犭句)

Derived characters

  • 𭲉, 𬍉, 𬍌, 𮏛, 𤟳

References

  • KangXi: page 709, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20345
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1121, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1341, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+72D7

Chinese

simp. and trad.
狗
alternative forms豿 “cub”
㺃

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狗
Warring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk scriptSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
勾*koː, *koːs
鉤*koː
鴝*koː, *ɡo
句*koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo
夠*koː, *koːs, *kʰoː
枸*koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ
軥*koː, *koːs, *ɡo
狗*koːʔ
苟*koːʔ
岣*koːʔ, *ko
笱*koːʔ
玽*koːʔ
耇*koːʔ
豿*koːʔ, *qʰroːɡ
敂*koːʔ
怐*koːs, *kʰoːs, *qʰoːs, *kos
雊*koːs
竘*kʰoːʔ, *kʰoʔ
齁*qʰoː
呴*qʰoːʔ, *qʰos
蚼*qʰoːʔ, *ɡo
豞*qʰoːs
訽*qʰoːs, *ɡoːs
佝*qʰoːs
拘*ko
駒*ko
眗*ko
跔*ko
鮈*ko
痀*ko
蒟*koʔ, *kos
絇*kos, *ɡo
邭*kos
劬*ɡo
朐*ɡo
鼩*ɡo
斪*ɡo
翑*ɡo
葋*ɡo
姁*ɡo, *qʰo, *qʰoʔ, *qʰos
欨*qʰo, *qʰoʔ
喣*qʰoʔ
煦*qʰoʔ, *qʰos
昫*qʰos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).

Etymology

From some language ancestral to modern Hmong-Mien languages, from Proto-Hmong-Mien *qluwˣ (“dog”), perhaps from Proto-Austronesian *(u-)(ŋ)kuɣkuɣ (“dog”) (Norman, 1988; Benedict, 1996).

Alternatively, STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”), whence also 犬 (OC *kʰʷeːnʔ).

Less likely, it may be related to 駒 (OC *ko, “foal”), 羔 (OC *kluː, “lamb”), 𤘽 (“calf”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): gǒu (gou3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): gou3
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): gau2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): geu2
  • Gan (Wiktionary): gieu3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kiéu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gêu3
  • Jin (Wiktionary): gou2
  • Min Bei (KCR): ě / gě
  • Min Dong (BUC): gēu
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): káu / kó͘ / kió
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gao2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): keu (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): gou3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: gǒu
      • Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: gǒu
      • Wade–Giles: kou3
      • Yale: gǒu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goou
      • Palladius: гоу (gou)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: gou3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gou
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kəu⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: gau2
      • Yale: gáu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: gau2
      • Guangdong Romanization: geo2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kɐu̯³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: geu2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /keu⁵⁵/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: gieu3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kiɛu²¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu
      • Hakka Romanization System: gieu`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: gieu3
      • Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: gêu3
      • Sinological IPA: /keu³¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: gou2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /kəu⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ě / gě
      • Sinological IPA (key): /e²¹/, /ke²¹/
Note:
  • ě - vernacular;
  • gě - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: gēu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kɛu³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káu
      • Tâi-lô: káu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kao
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kau⁵³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
      • Tâi-lô: kóo
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kor
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió
      • Tâi-lô: kió
      • Phofsit Daibuun: kioir
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴/
Note:
  • káu - vernacular;
  • kó͘/kió - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: gao2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kau⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: keu (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kɜ³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: gou3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /kəu⁴¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /kəuX/
Rime
Character狗
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)見 (28)
Final (韻)侯 (137)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie古厚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/kəuX/
Pan
Wuyun		/kəuX/
Shao
Rongfen		/kəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/kəwX/
Li
Rong		/kuX/
Wang
Li		/kəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/kə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		gǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		gau2
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.kˤroʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character狗
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		gǒu
Middle
Chinese		‹ kuwX ›
Old
Chinese		/*Cə.kˁroʔ/
Englishdog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character狗
Reading #1/1
No.7068
Phonetic
component		句
Rime
group		侯
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		苟
Old
Chinese		/*koːʔ/

Definitions

狗

狗

  1. dog (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 條／条 m)
    餵狗／喂狗  ―  wèi gǒu  ―  to feed a dog
    累成狗  ―  lèi chéng gǒu  ―  extremely tired [cf. dog-tired]
  2. (derogatory) something or someone unpleasant
    • 你是條狗，是王八養的！ [MSC, trad.]
      你是条狗，是王八养的！ [MSC, simp.]
      From: 2001, Chiung Yao, 情深深雨濛濛／情深深雨蒙蒙, episode 39 (Mainland version)
      Nǐ shì tiáo gǒu, shì wángba yǎng de! [Pinyin]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    1. Used as an attributive.
      狗男女  ―  gǒu nánnǚ  ―  couple in an illicit love affair
      狗官  ―  gǒuguān  ―  government official
      看老娘錘爆你的狗頭！ [MSC, trad.]
      看老娘锤爆你的狗头！ [MSC, simp.]
      Kàn lǎoniáng chuí bào nǐ de gǒu tóu! [Pinyin]
      See how I hammer you in your goddamn head!
  3. (chiefly Beijing) to flatter
  4. (Hong Kong, slang, derogatory) police; pig
    • 完咗跟大隊去狗屋 [Cantonese, trad.]
      完咗跟大队去狗屋 [Cantonese, simp.]
      From: 2019,
      jyun4 zo2 gan1 daai6 deoi6 heoi3 gau2 uk1 [Jyutping]
      follow us to the dog house (=police headquarters) afterwards
    • 撚狗行動 [Cantonese, trad.]
      撚狗行动 [Cantonese, simp.]
      From: 2019,
      lan2 gau2 hang4 dung6 [Jyutping]
      (please add an English translation of this example)
  5. (obsolete) cub; young bear or tiger
  6. a surname

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)狗
Taxonomic name犬
MandarinBeijing狗
Taiwan狗
Tianjin狗
Harbin狗
Yantai (Muping)狗子, 狗
Jinan狗
Luoyang狗
Wanrong狗
Xi'an狗
Dingbian狗
Yinchuan狗
Lanzhou狗
Xining狗
Ürümqi狗
Yanqi狗
Wuhan狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
Chengdu狗
Chongqing狗, 狗兒
Guiyang狗
Guilin狗
Liuzhou狗, 三六
Xuzhou狗
Yangzhou狗, 狗子
Nanjing狗
Hefei狗
Nantong狗子
Malaysia狗
Singapore狗
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)狗
CantoneseGuangzhou狗
Hong Kong狗, 㕵㕵 childish, 㕵㕵狗 childish
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)狗
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)狗
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)狗
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)狗
Macau狗
Guangzhou (Panyu)狗
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)狗
Guangzhou (Conghua)狗
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)狗
Foshan狗
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)狗
Foshan (Shunde)狗
Foshan (Sanshui)狗
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)狗
Zhongshan (Shiqi)狗
Zhuhai (Qianshan)狗
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)狗
Zhuhai (Doumen)狗
Jiangmen (Baisha)狗
Jiangmen (Xinhui)狗
Taishan狗
Kaiping (Chikan)狗
Enping (Niujiang)狗
Heshan (Yayao)狗
Dongguan狗
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)狗
Shaoguan狗
Yunfu狗
Yangjiang狗
Xinyi狗
Lianjiang狗
Nanning狗
Wuzhou狗
Yulin狗
Hepu (Lianzhou)狗
Beihai狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)狗
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)狗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)狗
Penang (Guangfu)狗
Singapore (Guangfu)狗
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)狗
Móng Cái狗
GanNanchang狗
Lichuan狗
Pingxiang狗
HakkaMeixian狗, 無角羊
Dabu (Gaobei)狗
Fengshun (Tangkeng)狗
Fengshun (Fengliang)狗
Fengshun (Pantian)狗
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)狗
Dongguan (Qingxi)狗
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)狗
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)狗
Conghua (Lütian)狗
Changting狗
Yudu狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian)狗仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)狗仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)狗, 狗仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)狗
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)狗
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)狗
Hong Kong狗
Luchuan (Daqiao)狗
Sabah (Longchuan)狗
Senai (Huiyang)狗
Kuching (Hepo)狗
Singkawang狗
HuizhouJixi狗
JinTaiyuan狗兒, 狗
Xinzhou狗
Min BeiJian'ou狗仔, 狗
Min DongFuzhou犬, 犬囝
Changle犬
Fuqing犬
Yongtai犬
Gutian犬
Fu'an犬
Ningde犬
Shouning犬
Zhouning犬
Fuding犬
Matsu犬
Min NanXiamen狗
Quanzhou狗
Zhangzhou狗
Zhao'an狗
Kaohsiung狗
Yilan狗
Changhua (Lukang)狗
Taichung狗
Taichung (Wuqi)狗
Tainan狗仔
Taitung狗
Hsinchu狗
Penghu (Magong)狗
Penang (Hokkien)狗
Singapore (Hokkien)狗
Manila (Hokkien)狗
Pingnan (Shangdu)狗
Chaozhou狗
Shantou狗
Haifeng狗
Bangkok (Teochew)狗
Johor Bahru (Teochew)狗
Singapore (Teochew)狗
Leizhou狗
Wenchang狗
Haikou狗
Singapore (Hainanese)狗
Puxian MinPutian狗
Xianyou狗
Min ZhongYanping (Wangtai)狗
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)狗
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic, 三六 argot, 四打五 argot
Northern PinghuaGuilin (Dahe)狗
ShehuaFu'an狗
Fuding狗
Luoyuan狗
Sanming狗
Shunchang狗
Hua'an狗
Guixi (Zhangping)狗
Cangnan狗
Jingning狗
Lishui狗
Longyou狗
Chaozhou狗
Fengshun狗
WaxiangGuzhang (Gaofeng)犬
Yuanling (Shaojiwan)犬
Luxi (Baisha)犬
Luxi (Liangjiatan)犬
Luxi (Lijiatian)犬
Chengbu (Xuntou)犬
WuShanghai狗, 汪汪狗 childish
Shanghai (Chongming)狗
Suzhou狗
Danyang狗子
Hangzhou狗
Ningbo黃狗
Wenzhou狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
Jinhua狗
XiangChangsha狗
Xiangxiang狗
Loudi狗
Shuangfeng狗
Quanzhou狗
  • (Hong Kong: police): 警犬 (jǐngquǎn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 狗

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (狗):
  • → Vietnamese: cẩu (狗)
  • Wutunhua: gek

See also

  • (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍／龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬／马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞／鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬／猪 (zhū) (Category: zh:Chinese zodiac)

References

  • “Entry #4345”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
  • Peyraube, Alain. "Ancient Chinese." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Ed. Roger D. Woodard. Cambridge UP, 2004. 1012.

Japanese

Kanji

狗

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. puppy, dog
  2. a sentinel
  3. a snoop or spy
  4. useless, wasteful

Readings

  • Go-on: く (ku)
  • Kan-on: こう (kō)
  • Kun: いぬ (inu, 狗)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 狗(いぬ)鷲(わし) (inuwashi): golden eagle
  • 狗(く)肉(にく) (kuniku): dog meat
  • 狗(く)吠(はい) (kuhai): dog's barking, or the voice thereof
  • 天(てん)狗(ぐ) (tengu): long-nosed goblin; braggart
Kanji in this term
狗
いぬ
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Noun

狗(いぬ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

  1. Alternative spelling of 犬

Korean

Hanja

狗 (eumhun 개 구 (gae gu))

  1. Hanja form? of 구 (“dog”).

Vietnamese

Han character

狗: Hán Việt readings: cẩu (舉(cử)后(hậu)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
狗: Nôm readings: cẩu[1][3][5]

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Compounds
  • 海狗 (hải cẩu)

References

  1. Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. Trần (2004).
  3. Bonet (1899).
  4. Génibrel (1898).
  5. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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