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单词 狀
释义

狀

See also: 状
狀 U+72C0, 狀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C0
← 犿
[U+72BF]		CJK Unified Ideographs狁 →
[U+72C1]
狀 U+F9FA, 狀
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FA
← 粒
[U+F9F9]		CJK Compatibility Ideographs炙 →
[U+F9FB]

Translingual

Han character

狀 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女一戈大 (VMIK), four-corner 33134, composition ⿰爿犬)

Derived characters

  • 𣶍, 𣈚, 𥇺, 𨡧, 𦲚, 𡘾

Descendants

  • 状

References

  • KangXi: page 707, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20280
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1119, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1334, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+72C0
  • Unihan data for U+F9FA

Chinese

trad.狀
simp.状

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臧*ʔsaːŋ
牂*ʔsaːŋ
戕*kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ
贓*ʔsaːŋ
藏*zaːŋ, *zaːŋs
奘*zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs
臟*zaːŋs
將*ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs
漿*ʔsaŋ
鱂*ʔsaŋ
蔣*ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ
螿*ʔsaŋ
槳*ʔsaŋʔ
獎*ʔsaŋʔ
醬*ʔsaŋs
鏘*sʰaŋ
蹡*sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs
嶈*sʰaŋ
斨*sʰaŋ
爿*braːn, *zaŋ
牆*zaŋ
妝*ʔsraŋ
莊*ʔsraŋ
裝*ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs
壯*ʔsraŋs
疒*rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ
床*zraŋ
牀*zraŋ
狀*zraŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zraŋs) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 犬.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhuàng (zhuang4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄤˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): zuang4
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): zong6
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhong
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zuon3
  • Min Bei (KCR): cōng
  • Min Dong (BUC): cê̤ng / cáung
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chōng / chiōng / chn̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zuang6 / zeng7
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zaan (T3)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuàng
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄤˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuàng
      • Wade–Giles: chuang4
      • Yale: jwàng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juanq
      • Palladius: чжуан (čžuan)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑŋ⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zuang4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zuong
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suaŋ²¹³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zong6
      • Yale: johng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzong6
      • Guangdong Romanization: zong6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔːŋ²²/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhong
      • Hakka Romanization System: cong
      • Hagfa Pinyim: cong4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zuon3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cōng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: cê̤ng / cáung
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/, /t͡sɑuŋ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chōng / chiōng / chn̄g
      • Tâi-lô: tsōng / tsiōng / tsn̄g
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zong, ciong, zng
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sŋ̍⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²²/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ²²/, /t͡sŋ̍²²/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiɔŋ³³/, /t͡sŋ̍³³/
Note:
  • chōng - literary;
  • chiōng/chn̄g - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: zuang6 / zeng7
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsuăng / tsṳ̄ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡suaŋ³⁵/, /t͡sɯŋ¹¹/
Note: zeng7 - “certificate”.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zaan (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥ɑ̃²³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
狀
MandarinBeijing/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁵³/
Tianjin/t͡suɑŋ⁵³/
Jinan/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ²¹/
Qingdao/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ³¹²/
Xi'an/p͡faŋ⁴⁴/
Xining/ʈ͡ʂuɔ̃²¹³/
Yinchuan/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ¹³/
Lanzhou/p͡fɑ̃¹³/
Ürümqi/ʈ͡ʂuɑŋ²¹³/
Wuhan/t͡suaŋ³⁵/
Chengdu/t͡suaŋ¹³/
Guiyang/t͡suaŋ²¹³/
Kunming/ʈ͡ʂuã̠¹/
Nanjing/ʈ͡ʂuaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei/ʈ͡ʂuɑ̃⁵³/
JinTaiyuan/t͡suɒ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao/t͡suɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot/t͡suɑ̃⁵⁵/
WuShanghai/zɑ̃²³/
Suzhou/zɑ̃³¹/
Hangzhou/d͡zz̩ʷɑŋ¹³/
Wenzhou/d͡ʑyɔ²²/
HuiShexian/t͡so³²⁴/
Tunxi/t͡sʰau¹¹/
XiangChangsha/t͡ɕyan⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕyan¹¹/
Xiangtan/t͡sɔn⁵⁵/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰoŋ⁵³/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sɔŋ²²/
Nanning/t͡sɔŋ²²/
Hong Kong/t͡sɔŋ²²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡sɔŋ²²/
/t͡sŋ̍²²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡sɔyŋ²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡sɔŋ⁴⁴/ 告～
/t͡sɔŋ⁴²/ 形～
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡suaŋ³⁵/
/t͡sɯŋ³¹/
Haikou (Min Nan)/tuaŋ²³/
/to²³/
  • Middle Chinese: /d͡ʒɨɐŋH/
Rime
Character狀
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)崇 (20)
Final (韻)陽 (105)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie鋤亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/d͡ʒɨɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɖ͡ʐiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		/d͡ʒiɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɖ͡ʐɨaŋH/
Li
Rong		/d͡ʒiaŋH/
Wang
Li		/d͡ʒĭaŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɖ͡ʐʱi̯aŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhuàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zong6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]raŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*zraŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character狀
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhuàng
Middle
Chinese		‹ dzrjangH ›
Old
Chinese		/*[dz]raŋ-s/
Englishform, appearance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character狀
Reading #1/1
No.10312
Phonetic
component		爿
Rime
group		陽
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese		/*zraŋs/

Definitions

狀

  1. ⁜ form; appearance; state
  2. ⁜ shape
  3. ⁜ certificate
  4. ⁜ to describe

Compounds

Derived terms from 狀

References

  • “狀”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

狀

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. things stand

Readings

  • On (unclassified): じょう (jō)

Usage notes

It has been superseded by 状 in modern Japanese. (not a shinjitai)

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC d͡ʒɨɐŋH).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 싸ᇰ〮 (Yale: ssáng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 상 (sang)訓 (Yale: sang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰa̠ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [상]

Hanja

Wikisource狀 (eumhun 형상(形狀) 상 (hyeongsang sang))

  1. Hanja form? of 상 (“form; appearance; state”).
  2. Hanja form? of 상 (“shape”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 현상 (現狀, hyeonsang)
  • 증상 (症狀, jeungsang)
  • 실상 (實狀, silsang)
  • 형상 (形狀, hyeongsang)
  • 참상 (慘狀, chamsang)
  • 원상 (原狀, wonsang)
  • 정상 (情狀, jeongsang)
  • 죄상 (罪狀, joesang)
  • 흉상 (凶狀/兇狀, hyungsang)
  • 상태 (狀態, sangtae, “state”)
  • 상황 (狀況, sanghwang, “situation”)
  • 갑상선 (甲狀腺, gapsangseon)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 狀 (MC d͡ʒɨɐŋH).

Historical readings
  • Recorded as Middle Korean 자ᇰ〯 (cǎng)訓 (Yale: cǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [장(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

狀 (eumhun 문서 장 (munseo jang))

  1. Hanja form? of 장 (“document; certificate”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 영장 (令狀, yeongjang)
  • 송장 (送狀, songjang)
  • 답장 (答狀, dapjang)
  • 상장 (賞狀, sangjang)
  • 행장 (行狀, haengjang)
  • 장원 (狀元, jang'won)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

狀: Hán Nôm readings: trạng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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