犢
See also: 犊
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Translingual
Traditional | 犢 |
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Shinjitai (extended) | 㸿 |
Simplified | 犊 |
Han character
犢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 竹手土田金 (HQGWC), four-corner 24586, composition ⿰牜賣 or ⿰牜𧶠)
- calf
- victim of sacrifice
References
- KangXi: page 704, character 38
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20196
- Dae Jaweon: page 1117, character 23
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1821, character 2
- Unihan data for U+72A2
Chinese
trad. | 犢 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 犊 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 犢 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Old Chinese | |
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竇 | *l'oːɡs |
續 | *ljoɡs, *ljoɡ |
覿 | *l'juːɡ |
黷 | *l'oːɡ |
讟 | *l'oːɡ |
殰 | *l'oːɡ |
讀 | *l'oːɡ |
櫝 | *l'oːɡ |
牘 | *l'oːɡ |
儥 | *l'oːɡ |
贕 | *l'oːɡ |
皾 | *l'oːɡ |
瓄 | *l'oːɡ |
瀆 | *l'oːɡ |
豄 | *l'oːɡ |
韇 | *l'oːɡ |
嬻 | *l'oːɡ |
犢 | *l'oːɡ |
匵 | *l'oːɡ |
藚 | *ljoɡ |
襩 | *ɦljoɡ |
贖 | *ɦljoɡ |
𧶠 | *luɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”).
Other etymologies have been proposed:
- Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely.
- Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021).
- It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
Definitions
犢
- calf (young cow or bull)
- 天子適諸侯,諸侯膳以犢。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Tiānzǐ shì zhūhóu, zhūhóu shàn yǐ dú. [Pinyin]
- When the Son of Heaven visits a feudal lord, the lord offers him a calf for food.
天子适诸侯,诸侯膳以犊。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 小牛 (“calf”) [map]
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 犢 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牛犢, 小牛 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 牛犢兒, 牛犢子 |
Taiwan | 牛犢, 小牛 | |
Harbin | 牛犢子 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 牛犢子, 牛犢兒 | |
Jinan | 牛犢, 牛犢子, 牛犢兒 | |
Luoyang | 牛犢 | |
Wanrong | 牛犢 | |
Xi'an | 牛犢子, 牛犢兒, 牛娃兒 | |
Yinchuan | 牛巴郎, 牛巴郎郎, 牛犢子, 小牛娃娃 | |
Lanzhou | 牛犢子 | |
Xining | 牛犢子, 尕牛犢兒 | |
Ürümqi | 牛娃子 | |
Wuhan | 小牛, 牛㹙子, 㹙子 | |
Chengdu | 小牛兒, 牛崽崽, 牛兒子 | |
Guiyang | 小牛崽, 小牛兒 | |
Liuzhou | 牛崽 | |
Xuzhou | 小牛犢兒, 牛犢兒, 小牛犢子, 牛犢子 | |
Yangzhou | 小牛 | |
Nanjing | 牛犢子, 牛秧子 | |
Hefei | 小牛 | |
Singapore | 小牛 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 牛娃子, 牛娃兒 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牛仔 |
Hong Kong | 牛仔 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 牛仔 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 牛仔 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牛仔 | |
Dongguan | 牛仔 | |
Yangjiang | 牛仔 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牛仔 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 牛仔 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 牛崽子 |
Lichuan | 牛崽兒 | |
Pingxiang | 牛崽仔 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 細牛仔 |
Changting | 細牛子 | |
Wuping | 細牛子 | |
Ninghua | 牛仔 | |
Yudu | 牛子 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 牛子, 細牛仔 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 牛子, 細牛仔 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 牛子, 細牛仔 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 牛子, 細牛 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 牛子, 細牛仔, 細牛 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 牛幺 | |
Hong Kong | 牛仔 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 牛仔 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 細牛 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 牛犢子, 牛娃子 |
Xinzhou | 牛犢子, 小牛子 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 牛仔 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 牛囝 |
Changle | 牛囝 | |
Fuqing | 牛囝 | |
Yongtai | 牛囝 | |
Gutian | 牛囝 | |
Fu'an | 牛囝 | |
Ningde | 牛囝 | |
Shouning | 牛囝 | |
Zhouning | 牛囝 | |
Fuding | 牛囝 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 牛仔, 牛仔囝 |
Quanzhou | 牛仔 | |
Zhangzhou | 牛仔, 牛仔囝 | |
Zhao'an | 牛囝仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 牛仔囝 | |
Yilan | 牛仔囝 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 牛仔囝 | |
Taichung | 牛仔囝 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 牛仔囝 | |
Tainan | 牛仔囝 | |
Taitung | 牛仔囝 | |
Hsinchu | 牛仔囝 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 牛仔囝 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 牛囝 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 牛囝 | |
Chaozhou | 牛囝 | |
Shantou | 牛囝 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 牛囝 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 牛囝 | |
Leizhou | 牛囝 | |
Wenchang | 牛囝 | |
Haikou | 牛囝 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 牛囝 |
Xianyou | 牛囝 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 牛崽 |
Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 小牛 |
Suzhou | 小牛 | |
Danyang | 小牛 | |
Hangzhou | 小牛 | |
Ningbo | 㹙 | |
Wenzhou | 牛兒, 牛㹙兒, 㹙兒, 牛童兒 | |
Jinhua | 小牛 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 牛崽子 |
Xiangtan | 牛崽唧 | |
Loudi | 牛崽唧 | |
Shuangfeng | 牛崽唧 |
Compounds
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Japanese
Shinjitai | 㸿 |
Kyūjitai | 犢 |
Kanji
犢
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 㸿)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: どく (doku)
- Kan-on: とく (toku)
- Kun: こうし (koushi, 犢)
Korean
Hanja
犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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