牢

牢	U+7262, 牢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7262

← 牡
[U+7261]

CJK Unified Ideographs

牣 →
[U+7263]

牢	U+F946, 牢 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F946

← 聾
[U+F945]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

磊 →
[U+F947]

Translingual

Han character

牢 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十竹手 (JHQ), four-corner 3050₂, composition ⿱宀牛)

Derived characters

𠈭哰𢚄𫰴 (⿰女牢) 㟉𤉍浶𢭂𣒲𭷡 (⿰牜牢) 𣇟𥒪𦰤𥭲𦕵䜮𨦭𨌚𪁔 (𩧷) 𤚧𫳵 (⿰牢何) 𬁖 (⿰星牢) 𣋀𡫡

References

KangXi: page 698, character 1
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19934
Dae Jaweon: page 1110, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1802, character 6
Unihan data for U+7262
Unihan data for U+F946

Chinese

simp. and trad.		牢

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牢
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (牢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
牢	*ruː
窂	*ruː
哰	*ruː

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“pen; animal yard”) + 牛 (“cow”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): láo (lao²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ
(Chengdu, SP): nao²
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): lau¹
Min Dong (BUC): lò̤
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lâu / tiâu / láu / lô / lô͘
(Teochew, Peng'im): lo⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): lau (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): lau²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: láo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láo
  - Wade–Giles: lao²
  - Yale: láu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lau
  - Palladius: лао (lao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nao²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lao
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nau²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lou⁴
  - Yale: lòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lau¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lau¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃o⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâu
  - Tâi-lô: lâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: laau
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lau²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lau¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
  - Tâi-lô: tiâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore): /tiau²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
  - Tâi-lô: láu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lao
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
  - Tâi-lô: lô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: looi
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /lo²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô͘
  - Tâi-lô: lôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔ²⁴/

Note:

lâu - vernacular;
tiâu/láu - vernacular (俗);
lô/lô͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lo⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: lau (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lau²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒu¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 牢
Mandarin	Beijing	/lɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/lau²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/lɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/lɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/lau²⁴/
	Xining	/lɔ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/lɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nau²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nau³¹/
	Guiyang	/nao²¹/
	Kunming	/lɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/lɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/lɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/lɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/læ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/lɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lɜ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/lɔ⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/lə⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/lau¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/naɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lɑu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lau¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lou²¹/
	Nanning	/lu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lou²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/lo⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/lau³³/ 名 /lau²¹/ 形
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lo⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lau³¹/

Middle Chinese: /lɑu/

Rime
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	魯刀切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/
Li Rong	/lɑu/
Wang Li	/lɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ruː/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牢
Reading #	1/1
No.	7644
Phonetic component	牢
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勞
Old Chinese	/*ruː/

Definitions

牢

prison; jail
- 監牢／监牢 ― jiānláo ― prison
pen; enclosure
- 亡羊補牢，猶未遲也。 [MSC, trad.]
  亡羊补牢，犹未迟也。 [MSC, simp.]
  Wáng yáng bǔ láo, yóu wèi chí yě. [Pinyin]
  Repairing a sheep pen only after a sheep is lost is not considered tardy.
firm; fast; durable
- 牢固 ― láogù ― firm; durable
dependable; reliable
animal used for sacrificing
- 太牢 ― tàiláo ― animal used for sacrificing
with grievance and toil
- 牢騷／牢骚 ― láosāo ― to be discontented
(Shanghainese Wu) indicates continuous aspect.
Synonym: 著 (zhe) (Standard)
抱牢勿放 [Shanghainese] ― [b̥ɔ²² lɔ⁴⁴ v̥əʔ¹¹ fɑ̃²³] [IPA] ― holding on, not letting go
伊吃牢我。 [Shanghainese, trad. and simp.]
[ɦi²³ t͡ɕʰi̯ɪʔ³³ lɔ⁴⁴ ŋv̩ʷ²³] [IPA]
He’s staring at me.

Compounds

Derived terms from 牢

不牢 (bùláo)
中牢
劫牢
南牢
命不牢
囚牢 (qiúláo)
地牢 (dìláo)
坐牢 (zuòláo)
大牢 (dàláo)
天牢
太牢 (tàiláo)
套牢 (tàoláo)
女牢
少牢
把牢 (bǎláo)
抓牢
押牢
拖牢洞
持牢
提牢
提牢官
搜牢
死囚牢
牢不可拔
牢不可破 (láobùkěpò)

牢九
牢固 (láogù)
牢城
牢子
牢定
牢愁
牢成
牢房 (láofáng)
牢拴
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢盆
牢眼
牢落
牢角底
牢醴
牢靠 (láokào)
皋牢
蒲牢 (púláo)
久慣牢成／久惯牢成
亡羊補牢／亡羊补牢 (wángyángbǔláo)
堅牢／坚牢 (jiānláo)
夜役軍牢／夜役军牢
大發牢騷／大发牢骚
打鳳牢龍／打凤牢龙

滿肚牢騷／满肚牢骚
滿腹牢騷／满腹牢骚
牛驥共牢／牛骥共牢
牢成久慣／牢成久惯
牢獄／牢狱 (láoyù)
牢獄之災／牢狱之灾 (láoyùzhīzāi)
牢穩／牢稳
牢籠／牢笼 (láolóng)
牢籠計／牢笼计
牢記／牢记 (láojì)
牢頭／牢头
牢頭禁子／牢头禁子
牢飯／牢饭
牢騷／牢骚 (láosāo)
牢騷滿腹／牢骚满腹
畫地為牢／画地为牢
當牢節級／当牢节级
發牢騷／发牢骚 (fā láosāo)
監牢／监牢 (jiānláo)
虎牢關／虎牢关 (Hǔláo Guān)
軍牢／军牢
軍牢快手／军牢快手
顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
餼牢／饩牢

Descendants

→ Manchu: ᠯᠣᠣ (loo)
- → Solon: lō
→ Zhuang: lauz

Japanese

Alternative forms

籠

Kanji

牢

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

prison
stable, pen
secure

Readings

Go-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kan-on: ろう (rō)^{←らう (rau, historical)}
Kun: ひとや (hitoya, 牢); かたい (katai, 牢い)

Compounds

牢屋(ろうや) (rōya)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
牢
ろう Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi

(Tokyo) ろー [róꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ː]

Noun

牢(ろう) • (rō) ^{←らう (rau)^?}

prison
Synonyms: 監獄 (かんごく), 牢屋 (ろうや)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

牢 • (roe, noe, ro, no) (hangeul 뢰, 뇌, 로, 노, revised roe, noe, ro, no, McCune–Reischauer roe, noe, ro, no, Yale loy, noy, lo, no)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Okinawan

Kanji

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

Compounds

牢屋 (るーや, rūya, “prison”)

Noun

牢 (hiragana るー, romaji rū)

prison
Synonyms: 監獄 (かんぐく, kanguku), 牢屋 (るーや, rūya)

References

沖縄語辞典 (Okinawago Jiten, “Okinawan Dictionary”)‎, 1963

Vietnamese

Han character

牢: Hán Nôm readings: lao, lào, sao, sau

chữ Hán form of lao (“prison”).
Nôm form of lao (“javelin, harpoon”).
Nôm form of Lào (“Laos”).
Nôm form of rao (“to announce”).
Nôm form of sao (“why, how”).
Nôm form of sao (“star”).
Nôm form of sau (“after”).
Nôm form of trau (“to polish”).

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN