牛

牛

See also: 午 and 𓃾

牛 U+725B, 牛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B ← 牚 [U+725A] CJK Unified Ideographs 牜 → [U+725C]

⽜ U+2F5C, ⽜ KANGXI RADICAL COW ← ⽛ [U+2F5B] Kangxi Radicals ⽝ → [U+2F5D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 牜 (U+725C) - used as a left radical component (not a standalone character)
• 𠂒 (U+20092) - sometimes used as a top component

Han character

牛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 2500₀, composition ⿻𠂉十)

1. Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №19

Derived characters

• Appendix:Chinese radical/牛
• 件, 吽, 𡉯, 𫰔, 𡵜, 𢓐, 𢪧, 汼, 𭷽, 𨸡, 𨑴, 𣅫, 㭌, 𣧘, 𣬳, 𤰼, 𥝫, 䋅, 𦧋, 𧉖, 𧣈, 𧥸, 𧲤, 鈝, 𮓤 ,䭽, 𩲍, 𩵠, 𩿓, 䵓, 𬨹
• 吿, 𭇤, 𡕘, 䒜, 𣁄, 𪺝, 㽚, 窂, 荦, 𬙮, 𧢻, 𤛗, 𤵃, 𨳯, 制

See also

• 先, 告

References

• KangXi: page 697, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
• Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 1
• Unihan data for U+725B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		牛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牛
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): niú (niu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): nyiu²

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ню (ni͡u, I)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): ngau⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngeu³

• Gan (Wiktionary): nyiu⁴ / ngieu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiù

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiu²

• Jin (Wiktionary): niou¹
• Min Bei (KCR): niû
• Min Dong (BUC): ngù / ngiù

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): gû / giû / ngiû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghu⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): nyieu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): nyiou²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niú
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nióu
    • Wade–Giles: niu²
    • Yale: nyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niou
    • Palladius: ню (nju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /njoʊ̯³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiu²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲiəu²¹/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ню (ni͡u, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niou²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngau⁴
    • Yale: ngàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngeo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐu̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngeu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡeu²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nyiu⁴ / ngieu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiu³⁵/, /ŋiɛu³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯u¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngiu²
    • Sinological IPA: /ɲiu¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: niou¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu³³/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù / ngiù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋu⁵³/, /ŋieu⁵³/

Note:

• ngù - colloquial;
• ngiù - literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gû
    • Tâi-lô: gû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: guu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡu²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡu¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giû
    • Tâi-lô: giû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giuu
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiu²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiu²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiû
    • Tâi-lô: ngiû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ngiuu
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋiũ¹³/

Note:

• gû - colloquial;
• giû/ngiû - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: nyieu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɜ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: nyiou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiəu¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 牛
Mandarin	Beijing	/niou³⁵/
	Harbin	/niou²⁴/
	Tianjin	/niou⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ȵiou⁴²/
	Qingdao	/niou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/niou⁴²/ /ou⁴²/
	Xi'an	/niou²⁴/
	Xining	/ȵiɯ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/niəu⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ȵiou⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ȵiɤu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵiəu³¹/
	Guiyang	/niəu²¹/
	Kunming	/niəu³¹/
	Nanjing	/liəɯ²⁴/
	Hefei	/liɯ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/niəu¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ȵiəu¹³/
	Hohhot	/niəu³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɤ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiø²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ŋau³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/niu⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ȵiu⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵiəu¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ȵiəɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵiu⁴⁵/ /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiu¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋɐu²¹/
	Nanning	/ŋɐu²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ŋɐu²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/giu³⁵/ /gu³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋu⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/niu³³/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/gu⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ku³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ŋɨu/

Rime
Character	牛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	語求切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuw/
Li Rong	/ŋiu/
Wang Li	/ŋĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yóu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niú
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)
English	ox
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牛
Reading #	1/1
No.	9564
Phonetic component	牛
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	牛
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷɯ/

Definitions

牛

1. bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak (Classifier: 條／条 m; 頭／头; 隻／只)
2. beef

   乾炒牛河／干炒牛河  ―  gānchǎo niúhé  ―  beef chow fun

3. stubborn; pigheaded
4. (colloquial) arrogant
5. (Mainland China, Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful

   牛屄  ―  niúbī  ―  [vulgar] awesome

   牛人  ―  niúrén  ―  an awesome person

6. (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
7. (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
8. a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“cattle; cow”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		牛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		牛
Taxonomic name		牛
Mandarin	Beijing	牛
	Taiwan	牛
	Yantai (Muping)	牛
	Jinan	牛
	Luoyang	牛
	Wanrong	牛
	Xi'an	牛
	Yinchuan	牛
	Ürümqi	牛
	Wuhan	牛
	Chengdu	牛
	Liuzhou	牛, 拖磨子
	Yangzhou	牛
	Hefei	牛
	Malaysia	牛
	Singapore	牛
Cantonese	Guangzhou	牛
	Hong Kong	牛
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	牛
	Macau	牛
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	牛
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	牛
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	牛
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	牛
	Foshan	牛
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	牛
	Foshan (Shunde)	牛
	Foshan (Sanshui)	牛
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	牛
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	牛
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	牛
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	牛
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	牛
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	牛
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	牛
	Taishan	牛
	Kaiping (Chikan)	牛
	Enping (Niujiang)	牛
	Heshan (Yayao)	牛
	Dongguan	牛
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	牛
	Yangjiang	牛
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	牛
	Singapore (Guangfu)	牛
Gan	Nanchang	牛
	Lichuan	牛
	Pingxiang	牛
Hakka	Meixian	牛
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	牛
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	牛
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	牛
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	牛
	Conghua (Lütian)	牛
	Yudu	牛
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	牛仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	牛仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	牛
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	牛
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	牛
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	牛
Jin	Taiyuan	牛, 牛兒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	牛
Min Dong	Fuzhou	牛
Min Nan	Xiamen	牛
	Quanzhou	牛
	Zhangzhou	牛
	Zhao'an	牛
	Taipei	牛
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	牛
	Kaohsiung	牛仔
	Yilan	牛仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	牛
	Taichung	牛
	Tainan	牛
	Hsinchu	牛
	Kinmen	牛
	Penghu (Magong)	牛
	Penang (Hokkien)	牛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	牛
	Chaozhou	牛
	Shantou	牛
	Shantou (Chenghai)	牛
	Singapore (Teochew)	牛
	Leizhou	牛
	Wenchang	牛
	Haikou	牛
	Singapore (Hainanese)	牛
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	牛
Shehua	Fu'an	牛
	Fuding	牛
	Luoyuan	牛
	Sanming	牛
	Shunchang	牛
	Hua'an	牛
	Guixi (Zhangping)	牛
	Cangnan	牛
	Jingning	牛
	Lishui	牛
	Longyou	牛
	Chaozhou	牛
	Fengshun	牛
Wu	Shanghai	牛
	Suzhou	牛
	Danyang	牛
	Wenzhou	牛
	Jinhua	牛
Xiang	Changsha	牛, 寶耕
	Shuangfeng	牛

• (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
• (awesome):

edit

Synonyms of 牛

不得了 (bùdéliǎo) (colloquial) 了不得 (liǎobùdé) (colloquial) 了不起 (liǎobùqǐ) (colloquial) 了勿起 (Wu) 佼佼 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary) 傲人 (àorén) (nowadays especially of breasts, body curve) 出挑 (chūtiāo) (of personal appearance) 出擢 (Min Nan) 出色 (chūsè) 勿得了 (Wu) 卓然 (zhuórán) (literary) 卓著 (zhuózhù) 卓越 (zhuóyuè) 打得 (Hakka) 斐然 (fěirán) 棒 (bàng) (colloquial) 漂亮 (piàoliang) 炳 (bǐng) (literary)

牛鬼 (Guilin Mandarin) 特出 (tèchū) 犀利 (xīlì) (originally Cantonese, sometimes Mandarin) 皦皦 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary) 看家 (kānjiā) (attributive, of skill, ability, etc.) 突出 (tūchū) 英英 (yīngyīng) (literary) 表表 (biǎobiǎo) (literary) 超凡 (chāofán) 超拔 (chāobá) (literary) 非凡 (fēifán) 俊偉／俊伟 (jùnwěi) (literary) 偉大／伟大 (wěidà) 傑出／杰出 (jiéchū) 優異／优异 (yōuyì) 優秀／优秀 (yōuxiù) 優越／优越 (yōuyuè) 出眾／出众 (chūzhòng)

出腳／出脚 (Min Nan) 卓犖／卓荦 (zhuóluò) (literary) 卓異／卓异 (zhuóyì) (literary) 厲害／厉害 (lìhài) (informal) 好極了／好极了 (hǎo jíle) 尤異／尤异 (yóuyì) (literary) 崢嶸／峥嵘 (zhēngróng) 彰顯／彰显 (zhāngxiǎn) 惡實／恶实 (Xiang, used as a complement) 標青／标青 (Cantonese, Teochew) 特異／特异 (tèyì) 穩／稳 (wěn) (slang, neologism) 蓋帽／盖帽 (gàimào) (slang) 超絕／超绝 (chāojué) 響噹噹／响当当 (xiǎngdāngdāng) 顯著／显著 (xiǎnzhù) 高強／高强 (gāoqiáng)

Dialectal synonyms of 厲害 (“impressive; excellent; amazing; fantastic”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Mandarin	Beijing	牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar
	Taiwan	厲害, 棒
	Malaysia	厲害, 夠力
	Singapore	厲害
Cantonese	Guangzhou	犀利, 勁
	Hong Kong	犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽
	Penang (Guangfu)	犀利
	Singapore (Guangfu)	犀利, 勁
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	厲害, 慶
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	厲害, 慶, 壁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	厲害, 慶
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	厲害, 慶
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	厲害, 慶
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	厲害, 慶
	Hong Kong	叻
	Kuching (Hepo)	慶
Min Nan	Xiamen	厲害
	Shishi	厲害
	Zhao'an	厲害
	Tainan	厲害
	Penang (Hokkien)	厲害
	Singapore (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Manila (Hokkien)	厲害, 勥, 𠢕
	Haifeng	厲害
	Singapore (Teochew)	厲害
Wu	Shanghai	扎勁, 結棍
Xiang	Changsha	䏧腮

Descendants

• Wutunhua: nek

Compounds

Derived terms from 牛

一牛吼地 九牛一毛 (jiǔniúyīmáo) 九牛毛 乳牛 (rǔniú) 亡羊得牛 仔牛肉 (zǎiniúròu) 全牛 公牛 (gōngniú) 千牛 千牛刀 午夜牛郎 原牛 (yuánniú) 吞牛 吹牛 (chuīniú) 吹牛大王 吹牛皮 (chuī niúpí) 土牛 地牛翻身 (dìniúfānshēn) 夔牛 多如牛毛 (duōrúniúmáo) 大吹牛皮 天牛 (tiānniú) 孺子牛 (rúzǐniú) 封牛 (fēngniú) 小放牛 小牛 (xiǎoniú) 屠牛朝歌 庖丁解牛 (páodīngjiěniú) 扯牛尾巴 摸春牛 放牛 (fàngniú) 放牛吃草 放牛班 旄牛 春牛 村牛 母牛 (mǔniú) 水牛 (shuǐniú) 泥牛 泥牛入海 (níniú-rùhǎi) 海牛 (hǎiniú) 濯濯牛山 牛B (niúbī) 牛X (niúchā) 牛之一毛 牛乳 (niúrǔ) 牛乳油 牛人 (niúrén) 牛仔 (niúzǎi) 牛仔布 (niúzǎibù) 牛仔舞 牛倌 牛刀 (niúdāo) 牛叉 (niúchā) 牛圈 (niújuàn) 牛女 牛女佳期 牛奶 (niúnǎi) 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng) 牛子 (niúzǐ) 牛宿 (Niúxiù) 牛小排 牛屄 (niúbī) 牛山 (Niúshān) 牛山下涕 牛山濯濯 牛崽 牛市 (niúshì) 牛年 牛心 牛心古怪 牛心左性 牛性 牛房 牛排 (niúpái) 牛掰 (niúbāi) 牛棚 (niúpéng) 牛步化 牛比 (niúbǐ) 牛毛 (niúmáo) 牛毛雨 牛油 (niúyóu) 牛津 (Niújīn) 牛犁 牛痘 (niúdòu) 牛痘苗 (niúdòumiáo) 牛瘟 (niúwēn) 牛皮 (niúpí) 牛皮大王 (niúpí dàwáng) 牛皮糖 牛眠地 牛眼 (niúyǎn) 牛筋牛降 牛耳 牛肉 (niúròu) 牛肉秀 牛脖子 牛腩 (niúnǎn) 牛腰 牛腱 (niújiàn) 牛舌 (niúshé) 牛舍 (niúshè)

牛蒡 (niúbàng) 牛虻 (niúméng) 牛蛙 (niúwā) 牛衣 牛角 (niújiǎo) 牛角之歌 牛角尖 (niújiǎojiān) 牛蹄子 牛逼 (niúbī) 牛郎 (niúláng) 牛郎星 牛酪 (niúlào) 牛革 牛鞅 牛鞭 (niúbiān) 牛首 (Niúshǒu) 牛鬼蛇神 (niúguǐshéshén) 牛魔王 (niú mówáng) 牛鼻 (niúbí) 牛鼻子 (niúbízi) 牯牛 (gǔniú) 犀牛 (xīniú) 犀牛望月 犀牛角 犁牛之子 犍牛 (jiānniú) 白犀牛 目牛游刃 石牛道 紫金牛 羚牛 (língniú) 老牛筋 老牛箍嘴 老牛箝嘴 耕牛 (gēngniú) 花牛腿 菜牛 (càiniú) 菲列牛排 蟒牛 (Mǎngniú) 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi) 野牛 (yěniú) 金牛 (jīnniú) 金牛山 金牛座 (jīnniúzuò) 金牛道 隔山打牛 青牛 青盲牛 (chăng-màng-ngù) (Min Dong) 鞅牛 鞭牛 麝牛 (shèniú) 黧牛 斗牛 (dǒuniú) 牛黄 黄牛 丙吉問牛／丙吉问牛 乞食飯牛／乞食饭牛 人工蝸牛／人工蜗牛 休牛放馬／休牛放马 休牛散馬／休牛散马 休牛歸馬／休牛归马 做牛做馬／做牛做马 (zuòniúzuòmǎ) 偷渡黃牛／偷渡黄牛 充棟汗牛／充栋汗牛 吳牛喘月／吴牛喘月 (Wú niú chuǎnyuè) 呼牛作馬／呼牛作马 呼牛呼馬／呼牛呼马 問牛／问牛 問牛知馬／问牛知马 土牛木馬／土牛木马 地牛發威／地牛发威 地黃牛／地黄牛 執牛耳／执牛耳 (zhí niú'ěr) 壯氣吞牛／壮气吞牛 如牛負重／如牛负重 (rúniúfùzhòng) 對牛彈琴／对牛弹琴 (duìniútánqín) 小試牛刀／小试牛刀 帶牛佩犢／带牛佩犊 志沖斗牛／志冲斗牛 放牛歸馬／放牛归马 敲牛宰馬／敲牛宰马 春牛圖／春牛图 木牛流馬／木牛流马 (mùniú liúmǎ) 椎牛饗士／椎牛飨士 歸馬放牛／归马放牛 殷師牛鬥／殷师牛斗 氂牛／牦牛 氣克斗牛／气克斗牛 氣力如牛／气力如牛 氣吞牛斗／气吞牛斗 氣喘如牛／气喘如牛 (qìchuǎnrúniú) 氣沖斗牛／气冲斗牛 氣沖牛斗／气冲牛斗 水牛兒／水牛儿 (shuǐniúr) 汗牛充棟／汗牛充栋 (hànniúchōngdòng) 火牛陣／火牛阵 無殼蝸牛／无壳蜗牛 版築飯牛／版筑饭牛 牛仔裝／牛仔装 牛仔褲／牛仔裤 (niúzǎikù) 牛刀割雞／牛刀割鸡 牛刀小試／牛刀小试

牛勁／牛劲 牛回磨轉／牛回磨转 牛山歎／牛山叹 牛崽褲／牛崽裤 (niúzǎikù) 牛年馬月／牛年马月 牛後／牛后 牛李黨爭／牛李党争 牛欄／牛栏 (niúlán) 牛氣／牛气 (niúqi) 牛津大學／牛津大学 牛溲馬勃／牛溲马勃 牛熊證／牛熊证 (niúxióngzhèng) 牛犢／牛犊 (niúdú) 牛犢子／牛犊子 (niúdúzi) 牛皮癬／牛皮癣 (niúpíxuǎn) 牛皮紙／牛皮纸 (niúpízhǐ) 牛童馬走／牛童马走 牛肉場／牛肉场 牛脾氣／牛脾气 (niúpíqi) 牛舌餅／牛舌饼 牛莊／牛庄 (Niúzhuāng) 牛莊／牛庄 (Niúzhuāng) 牛蠅／牛蝇 (niúyíng) 牛衣對泣／牛衣对泣 牛表牛觔／牛表牛斤 牛角掛書／牛角挂书 牛角書生／牛角书生 牛角麵包／牛角面包 (niújiǎo miànbāo) 牛蹄中魚／牛蹄中鱼 牛車／牛车 (niúchē) 牛軛湖／牛轭湖 牛郎織女／牛郎织女 牛鐲／牛镯 牛雜／牛杂 (niúzá) 牛頓／牛顿 (Niúdùn) 牛頭／牛头 (niútóu) 牛頭不對馬嘴／牛头不对马嘴 (niútóubùduìmǎzuǐ) 牛頭禪／牛头禅 牛頭馬面／牛头马面 (niútóumǎmiàn) 牛飲／牛饮 牛餼退敵／牛饩退敌 牛馬／牛马 (niúmǎ) 牛馬之衣／牛马之衣 牛馬襟裾／牛马襟裾 牛馬走／牛马走 (niúmǎzǒu) 牛驥共牢／牛骥共牢 牛驥同皁／牛骥同皁 牛黃／牛黄 (niúhuáng) 牛黃狗寶／牛黄狗宝 牛鼎烹雞／牛鼎烹鸡 (niúdǐngpēngjī) 牧牛兒／牧牛儿 牧牛放馬／牧牛放马 牻牛兒苗／牻牛儿苗 牽牛拔樁／牵牛拔桩 牽牛星／牵牛星 (Qiānniúxīng) 牽牛織女／牵牛织女 牽牛花／牵牛花 (qiānniúhuā) 犛牛／牦牛 (máoniú) 犯牛勁／犯牛劲 甯戚飯牛／甯戚饭牛 瘠牛僨豚／瘠牛偾豚 目無全牛／目无全牛 (mùwúquánniú) 目牛無全／目牛无全 石牛開道／石牛开道 種牛痘／种牛痘 (zhòng niúdòu) 童牛角馬／童牛角马 約翰牛／约翰牛 細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛／细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛 (sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû) (Min Nan) 繭絲牛毛／茧丝牛毛 羞以牛後／羞以牛后 老牛破車／老牛破车 老牛舐犢／老牛舐犊 臥牛城／卧牛城 荷蘭乳牛／荷兰乳牛 蚊動牛鬥／蚊动牛斗 蝸牛／蜗牛 (wōniú) 蠻牛／蛮牛 裾馬襟牛／裾马襟牛 襟裾馬牛／襟裾马牛 買牛賣劍／买牛卖剑 賣刀買牛／卖刀买牛 賣劍買牛／卖剑买牛 蹊田奪牛／蹊田夺牛 鐵牛／铁牛 (tiěniú) 鐵牛車／铁牛车 鑽牛犄角／钻牛犄角 鑽牛角尖／钻牛角尖 (zuān niújiǎojiān) 雞口牛後／鸡口牛后 雞尸牛從／鸡尸牛从 青牛紫氣／青牛紫气 頂牛／顶牛 風馬牛不相及／风马牛不相及 (fēng mǎ niú bù xiāngjí) 馬勃牛溲／马勃牛溲 馬牛襟裾／马牛襟裾 騎牛覓牛／骑牛觅牛 鬥牛／斗牛 (dòuniú) 鬥牛士／斗牛士 (dòuniúshì) 鬥牛陣／斗牛阵 黃牛／黄牛 (huángniú) 黃牛岩／黄牛岩 (Huángniúyán) 齊王捨牛／齐王舍牛

See also

• (Chinese zodiac signs) 鼠 (shǔ), 牛 (niú), 虎 (hǔ), 兔 (tù), 龍／龙 (lóng), 蛇 (shé), 馬／马 (mǎ), 羊 (yáng), 猴 (hóu), 雞／鸡 (jī), 狗 (gǒu), 豬／猪 (zhū) ^{(Category: zh:Chinese zodiac)}

References

• “Entry #1228”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. cow, ox, cattle

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: ぎゅう (gyū, Jōyō)^{←ぎう (giu, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: ご (go)
• Kun: うし (ushi, 牛, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 牛(うし)馬(うま) (ushiuma)
• 牛(うし)鬼(おに) (ushioni), 牛(ぎゅう)鬼(き) (gyūki)
• 牛(うし)氈(かも)鹿(しか) (ushikamoshika, “wildebeest, gnu”)
• 牛車(ぎっしゃ) (gissha), 牛(ぎゅう)車(しゃ) (gyūsha), 牛(うし)車(ぐるま) (ushiguruma) : oxcart
• 牛(ぎゅう)脂(し) (gyūshi, “tallow of cow”)
• 牛(ぎゅう)舎(しゃ) (gyūsha)
• 牛(ぎゅう)耳(じ)る (gyūjiru)
• 牛(ぎゅう)肉(にく) (gyūniku, “beef”)
• 牛(ぎゅう)乳(にゅう) (gyūnyū, “cow's milk”)
• 牛(ぎゅう)馬(ば) (gyūba)
• 牛(ぎゅう)皮(ひ) (gyūhi, “cowhide”)
• 牛(ぎゅう)酪(らく) (gyūraku, “butter”)
• 牛頭天王(ごずてんのう) (Gozu Tennō) : name of a deity
• 牛(ご)蒡(ぼう) (gobō) : greater burdock (Arctium lappa)
• インド牛(うし) (indoushi), 瘤(こぶ)牛(うし) (kobuushi), 犎(ほう)牛(ぎゅう) (hōgyū) : zebu
• 雄(お)牛(うし), 牡(お)牛(うし) (oushi)
• 蝸(か)牛(ぎゅう) (kagyū, “snail; cochlea”)
• 蝸牛(かたつむり) (katatsumuri, “snail”)
• 子(こ)牛(うし), 仔(こ)牛(うし) (koushi)
• 呉(ご)牛(ぎゅう) (gogyū), 水(すい)牛(ぎゅう) (suigyū) : water buffalo
• 麝(じゃ)香(こう)牛(うし) (jakōushi, “musk ox”)
• 肉(にく)牛(ぎゅう) (nikugyū, “beef cattle”)
• 乳(にゅう)牛(ぎゅう) (nyūgyū, “dairy cattle”)
• 雌(め)牛(うし), 牝(め)牛(うし) (meushi)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
牛
うし Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) うし [ùshí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

牛(うし) • (ushi) 

1. cow, bull, ox, cattle, a domestic bovine
   • 1999 November 18, “牛(ぎゅう)魔(ま)人(じん) [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:

     森(もり)に住(す)む牛(うし)の魔(ま)人(じん)。ツノを突(つ)き出(だ)し突(とっ)進(しん)して攻(こう)撃(げき)。

     Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.

     A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.

   • 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:

     すごい力(ちから)を持(も)つウシの怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。オノひと振(ふ)りで何(なに)でもなぎ倒(たお)す。

     Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.

     A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one axe swing.

2. beef

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウシ.

Derived terms

• 丑(うし) (ushi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
牛
ぎゅう Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Kan’on
• (Tokyo) ぎゅ​う [gyúꜜù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɡʲɨᵝː]

Noun

牛(ぎゅう) • (gyū) ^{←ぎう (giu)?}

1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
2. beef
3. (astronomy) Ox

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja

牛 (eumhun 소 우 (so u))

1. Hanja form^? of 우 (“cow”).

Compounds

• 와우 (蝸牛, wau, “snail”)
• 우유 (牛乳, uyu, “cow's milk”)

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Okinawan

Kanji

牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Kun: うし (ushi, 牛)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
牛
うし Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʔuɕi/

Noun

牛 (hiragana うし, rōmaji ushi)

1. cow, cattle

Derived terms

• 水牛
• 牛ぬ乳

 

References

• “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

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Vietnamese

Han character

牛: Hán Nôm readings: ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Yonaguni

Kanji

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

Noun

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

1. cow, cattle

References

• “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.