牘

See also: 牍

牘	U+7258, 牘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7258

← 牗
[U+7257]

CJK Unified Ideographs

牙 →
[U+7259]

Translingual

Han character

牘 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+15, 19 strokes, cangjie input 中中土田金 (LLGWC) or 中弓土田金 (LNGWC), four-corner 2408₆, composition ⿰片賣)

References

KangXi: page 694, character 32

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19906

Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2021, character 2

Unihan data for U+7258

Chinese

trad.		牘
simp.		牍

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 牘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𧶠) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
竇	*l'oːɡs
續	ljoɡs, ljoɡ
覿	*l'juːɡ
黷	*l'oːɡ
讟	*l'oːɡ
殰	*l'oːɡ
讀	*l'oːɡ
櫝	*l'oːɡ
牘	*l'oːɡ
儥	*l'oːɡ
贕	*l'oːɡ
皾	*l'oːɡ
瓄	*l'oːɡ
瀆	*l'oːɡ
豄	*l'oːɡ
韇	*l'oːɡ
嬻	*l'oːɡ
犢	*l'oːɡ
匵	*l'oːɡ
藚	*ljoɡ
襩	*ɦljoɡ
贖	*ɦljoɡ
𧶠	*luɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).

Etymology

Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dú (du²)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): duk⁶
Min Nan (POJ): to̍k / tho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dú
  - Wade–Giles: tu²
  - Yale: dú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
  - Palladius: ду (du)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: duk⁶
  - Yale: duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: duk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔk̚²⁴/

Middle Chinese: /duk̚/

Rime
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	東 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	徒谷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/duk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/duk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/duk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dəwk̚/
Li Rong	/duk̚/
Wang Li	/duk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	duk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤok/
(Zhengzhang): /*l'oːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ duwk ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁok/
English	tablet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	牘
Reading #	1/1
No.	16041
Phonetic component	𧶠
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	獨
Old Chinese	/*l'oːɡ/

Definitions

牘

wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China
document; archive
letter; correspondence

Compounds

公牘／公牍
函牘／函牍
削牘／削牍
剡牘／剡牍
尺牘／尺牍 (chǐdú)
抱牘／抱牍
文牘／文牍 (wéndú)
書牘／书牍 (shūdú)

案牘／案牍 (àndú)
案牘勞形／案牍劳形
案牘勞煩／案牍劳烦
牘尾／牍尾
盈篇累牘／盈篇累牍
竿牘／竿牍
簡牘／简牍 (jiǎndú)
簡牘學／简牍学

素牘／素牍
累牘連篇／累牍连篇
苞苴竿牘／苞苴竿牍
觚牘／觚牍
讞牘／谳牍
連章累牘／连章累牍
連篇累牘／连篇累牍 (liánpiānlěidú)
長篇累牘／长篇累牍

Japanese

Kanji

牘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

wooden tablet
letter; correspondence

Readings

Go-on: どく (doku)
Kan-on: とく (toku)
Kun: かきもの (kakimono, 牘); ふだ (fuda, 牘)

Compounds

牘(とく)書(しょ) (tokusho)
案(あん)牘(とく) (antoku)
簡(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
竿(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
翰(かん)牘(とく) (kantoku)
觚(こ)牘(とく) (kotoku)
尺(しゃく)牘(どく) (shakudoku)
書(しょ)牘(とく) (shotoku)
章(しょう)牘(とく) (shōtoku)
寸(すん)牘(とく) (suntoku)
尺(せき)牘(とく) (sekitoku)
芳(ほう)牘(とく) (hōtoku)

Korean

Hanja

牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

牘: Hán Nôm readings: dộc, độc

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.