牌
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Translingual
Han character
牌 (Kangxi radical 91, 片+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中中竹竹十 (LLHHJ), four-corner 26040, composition ⿰片卑)
Derived characters
- 簰
References
- KangXi: page 693, character 34
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19854
- Dae Jaweon: page 1106, character 28
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2016, character 28
- Unihan data for U+724C
Chinese
| trad. | 牌 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 牌 | |
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (卑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 捭 | *preːʔ |
| 牌 | *breː, *breː |
| 郫 | *breː, *bre, *be |
| 蠯 | *breː, *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 猈 | *breːʔ, *breː |
| 稗 | *breːs |
| 粺 | *breːs |
| 𥱼 | *breː |
| 豍 | *peː |
| 箄 | *peː, *pe, *peʔ |
| 錍 | *pʰeː, *pe |
| 睥 | *pʰeːs |
| 渒 | *pʰeːs, *pe |
| 鼙 | *beː |
| 鞞 | *beː, *pe, *peʔ, *peːŋʔ |
| 椑 | *beː, *pe, *beɡ, *beːɡ |
| 崥 | *beː, *peʔ |
| 髀 | *beːʔ, *peʔ, *piʔ |
| 卑 | *pe |
| 鵯 | *pe, *pʰiɡ |
| 裨 | *pe, *be |
| 痺 | *pe |
| 碑 | *pre |
| 婢 | *peʔ, *beʔ |
| 諀 | *pʰeʔ |
| 脾 | *be |
| 埤 | *be |
| 陴 | *be |
| 蜱 | *be, *mbew |
| 焷 | *be |
| 螷 | *be, *breːŋʔ |
| 庳 | *beʔ |
| 琕 | *biːŋ |
| 萆 | *beɡ, *slɯʔ |
| 綼 | *biɡ, *peːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *breː, *breː) : semantic 片 + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe).
Pronunciation
Definitions
牌
- board; plate
- † census plate
- signboard; placard; sign; tablet
- brand; trademark
- 椰樹牌／椰树牌 ― Yēshù pái ― “Coconut Palm” brand
- † nameplate
- † Name of a type of historical documents delivered to the lower levels.
- playing cards; cards; dominoes; mahjong; etc. (Classifier: 張／张)
- 打牌 ― dǎpái ― to play cards
- 洗牌 ― xǐpái ― to shuffle cards
- 我就剩一張牌了！／我就剩一张牌了！ ― Wǒ jiù shèng yī zhāng pái le! ― I have only one card left!
- (figurative) card (a resource or an argument, used to achieve a purpose)
- 中方警告印度不要打「西藏牌」。 [MSC, trad.]
- Zhōngfāng jǐnggào Yìndù bùyào dǎ “Xīcáng pái”. [Pinyin]
- China warns India not to play the “Tibet card”.
中方警告印度不要打“西藏牌”。 [MSC, simp.]
- (Hong Kong) license
- 無牌／无牌 [Cantonese] ― mou4 paai4 [Jyutping] ― unlicensed
- list (of prices)
- shield
- memorial (gateway or building)
- pitch (style) of ancient Chinese poetry (ci) or music (qu)
- manner; air; shape
- (Min Nan) plaque; memorial tablet
- (Jilu Mandarin) Classifier for card games. round
Compounds
Derived terms from 牌
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Descendants
Sino-Xenic (牌):
- → Japanese: 牌 (hai)
- → Korean: 패(牌) (pae)
- → Vietnamese: bài (牌)
Others:
- → Burmese: ဖဲ (hpai:, “playing cards; game of cards”)
- → Khmer: បៀ (biə, “playing cards”)
- → Lao: ໄພ້ (phai, “playing cards”)
- → Lü: ᦘᦻᧉ (phaay², “playing cards”)
- → Shan: ၽၢႆႉ (phâ̰ai, “domino, playing cards”)
- → Thai: ไพ่ (pâi, “playing cards”)
- → White Hmong: phaib (“playing cards”)
- → Zhuang: bej (“playing cards”)
Japanese
Kanji
牌
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- a small, written slip of paper: ticket, receipt, label, etc.
- sign, placard
- playing card, mahjong tile
- shield, buckler
Readings
- On (unclassified): はい (hai)
- Kun: ふだ (fuda, 牌)
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 牌 (MC bˠɛ, bˠɛi).
Hanja
牌 (eumhun 패 패 (pae pae))
- Hanja form? of 패 (“tablet”).
Compounds
- 깡패 (깡牌, kkangpae, “bully”)
- 패거리 (牌거리, paegeori, “(pejorative) gang, clique”)
- 방패 (防牌/旁牌, bangpae, “shield”)
- 명패 (名牌, myeongpae, “name tag”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
牌: Hán Nôm readings: bài, bìa, bời
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