牆
See also: 墙 and 墻
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Translingual
Han character
牆 (Kangxi radical 90, 爿+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 女一土人田 (VMGOW), four-corner 24261, composition ⿰爿嗇)
Derived characters
- 蘠
Related characters
- 墻 (Variant form)
- 墙 (Simplified Chinese)
References
- KangXi: page 692, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19806
- Dae Jaweon: page 1105, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2378, character 22
- Unihan data for U+7246
Chinese
| trad. | 牆/墻 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 墙 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 垟 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 牆 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (爿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 臧 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 牂 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 戕 | *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ |
| 贓 | *ʔsaːŋ |
| 藏 | *zaːŋ, *zaːŋs |
| 奘 | *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs |
| 臟 | *zaːŋs |
| 將 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs |
| 漿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 鱂 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 蔣 | *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 螿 | *ʔsaŋ |
| 槳 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 獎 | *ʔsaŋʔ |
| 醬 | *ʔsaŋs |
| 鏘 | *sʰaŋ |
| 蹡 | *sʰaŋ, *ʔshaŋs |
| 嶈 | *sʰaŋ |
| 斨 | *sʰaŋ |
| 爿 | *braːn, *zaŋ |
| 牆 | *zaŋ |
| 妝 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 莊 | *ʔsraŋ |
| 裝 | *ʔsraŋ, *ʔsraŋs |
| 壯 | *ʔsraŋs |
| 疒 | *rnɯːɡ, *zraŋ |
| 床 | *zraŋ |
| 牀 | *zraŋ |
| 狀 | *zraŋs |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 嗇／啬 (“wheat in a granary”).
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Definitions
牆
- wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c)
- 城牆／城墙 ― chéngqiáng ― city wall
- 石牆／石墙 ― shíqiáng ― stone wall
- 高牆／高墙 ― gāoqiáng ― high wall
- 翻牆／翻墙 ― fānqiáng ― to scale a wall
- 柏林牆／柏林墙 ― Bǎilínqiáng ― Berlin Wall
- 牆上有張地圖。／墙上有张地图。 ― Qiáng shàng yǒu zhāng dìtú. ― There is a map on the wall.
- (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall
- 翻牆／翻墙 ― fānqiáng ― to circumvent the Great Firewall
- (Mainland China, Internet slang) to censor; to block (a website)
- AO3被牆了。／AO3被墙了。 ― AO3 bèi qiáng le. ― AO3 is blocked.
Synonyms
- (wall):
Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 牆, 壁, 垣墉 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 牆, 牆壁, 牆垣 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 牆 |
| Taiwan | 牆 | |
| Jinan | 牆 | |
| Luoyang | 牆 | |
| Xi'an | 牆 | |
| Wuhan | 牆 | |
| Chengdu | 牆, 壁頭 | |
| Guilin | 牆 | |
| Yangzhou | 牆 | |
| Hefei | 牆 | |
| Singapore | 牆壁 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 牆 |
| Hong Kong | 牆 | |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 籬壆, 牆 | |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 牆 | |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牆 | |
| Taishan | 牆 | |
| Dongguan | 籬 | |
| Yangjiang | 牆 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 牆 | |
| Hepu (Shatian) | 牆 | |
| Beihai | 牆 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 牆 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 牆 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 牆壁 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 牆 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 牆 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 牆 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 牆 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 牆 | |
| Móng Cái | 牆 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 牆, 壁 |
| Pingxiang | 牆 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 牆, 壁 |
| Yudu | 牆 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 壁 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 壁 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 壁 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 壁 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 壁 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 壁 | |
| Hong Kong | 牆, 壁頭 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 牆 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 牆壁 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 牆 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 牆 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 牆, 牆壁, 壁 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 牆, 壁, 壁堵 |
| Quanzhou | 壁堵 | |
| Zhao'an | 壁 | |
| Tainan | 牆, 壁, 壁堵 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 牆, 壁 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 牆, 壁 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 壁 | |
| Medan (Hokkien) | 壁 | |
| Chaozhou | 牆 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 牆 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 牆 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 壁, 牆 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 牆, 壁 |
| Putian (Donghai) | 牆, 壁 | |
| Putian (Jiangkou) | 牆 | |
| Putian (Nanri) | 牆, 壁, 牆壁 | |
| Xianyou | 牆 | |
| Xianyou (Fengting) | 牆 | |
| Xianyou (Youyang) | 牆 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 牆 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 牆頭, 牆壁 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 牆 | |
| Suzhou | 牆頭, 牆壁 | |
| Danyang | 牆頭 | |
| Hangzhou | 牆頭 | |
| Ningbo | 牆壁 | |
| Wenzhou | 屏牆, 牆 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 牆壁, 牆, 壁 |
| Xiangxiang | 牆 | |
| Loudi | 壁頭 | |
| Shuangfeng | 牆頭, 壁頭 | |
Compounds
Derived terms from 牆
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Descendants
- → Zhuang: ciengz
References
- “牆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
牆
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Go-on: ぞう (zō)←ざう (zau, historical)
- Kan-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kun: かき (kaki, 牆)
Compounds
- 垣牆 (enshō)
- 牆壁 (shōheki)
Korean
Hanja
牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
牆: Hán Nôm readings: tường
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- Nôm: tường
References
- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999