爰

爰

See also: 爱

爰 U+7230, 爰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7230 ← 爯 [U+722F] CJK Unified Ideographs 爱 → [U+7231]

Translingual

Han character

爰 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 月一大水 (BMKE), four-corner 2044₇, composition ⿳爫一友)

1. to lead on to
2. therefore, consequently
3. a surname

Derived characters

• 𠋠, 喛, 𫮊, 媛, 嵈, 㣪, 愋, 援, 湲, 猨, 𫕉, 𭤿, 暖, 䐘, 楥, 煖, 瑗, 禐, 𤲫, 䁔, 𥔛, 褑, 𭶵, 緩(缓), 𦑛, 𦖵, 𦩮, 蝯, 諼(谖), 𧳭, 𬥢, 𫏖, 𫏺, 𮠹, 𫣰, 鍰(锾), 𩋫, 𩏅, 𦅻, 鰀, 𦇻, 𬋫, 𬁆, 𦫦, 𧡩, 𩔃, 鶢, 萲, 䈠
• 㬊 (Exception: Only for Chinese character form. Japanese character form contains ⿳爫土夂 instead)

References

• KangXi: page 689, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19672
• Dae Jaweon: page 1102, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2032, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7230

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		爰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爰
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (爰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
暖	*noːnʔ
煖	*noːnʔ, *qʰʷan
喛	*qʰʷaːns, *qʰʷan
緩	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鰀	*ɢʷaːnʔ
嵈	*ɢʷaːnʔ
鍰	*ɢʷraːn
湲	*ɢʷan
媛	*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
瑗	*ɢʷans
援	*ɢʷans, *ɢʷan
褑	*ɢʷans
諼	*qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ
愋	*qʰʷan
楥	*qʰʷans
爰	*ɢʷan
鶢	*ɢʷan
蝯	*ɢʷan
猨	*ɢʷan

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 爫 (“hand, claw”) + 又 (“hand”) – the middle component has taken various forms.

Etymology

Contraction of 于時 (OC *ɢʷa djɯ) or 于是 (OC *ɢʷa djeʔ) (Smith, 2012).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wun⁴, jyun⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wun⁴, jyun⁴
    • Yale: wùhn, yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wun⁴, jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wun⁴, yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuːn²¹/, /jyːn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦʉɐn/

Rime
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨元切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuan/
Li Rong	/ɣiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢʷa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷa[n]/
English	there, then, thereupon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爰
Reading #	1/1
No.	16176
Phonetic component	爰
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	袁
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷan/

Definitions

爰

1. ^† therefore, consequently

   • 爰采麥矣、沬之北矣。云誰之思、美孟弋矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     爰采麦矣、沬之北矣。云谁之思、美孟弋矣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Yuán cǎi mài yǐ, Mèi zhī běi yǐ. Yún shéi zhī sī, měi mèng Yì yǐ. [Pinyin]

     I am going to gather the wheat, In the north of Mei. But of whom are my thoughts? Of that beauty, the eldest of the Yi.

2. ^† A sentence-initial particle

   • 爰有大物，非絲非帛，文理成章。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     爰有大物，非丝非帛，文理成章。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Xunzi, c. 3^rd century BCE

     Yuán yǒu dà wù, fēi sī fēi bó, wén lǐ chéng zhāng. [Pinyin]

     There exists this tremendous entity, made of neither silk nor other fabrics, yet structures and order manifest in its pattern and texture.

Compounds

兔爰 爰居 爰爰

爰田 爰金 (yuánjīn) 郢爰

爰書／爰书 (yuánshū) 爰歷篇／爰历篇

References

• “爰”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

爰

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. lead on to
2. therefore
3. then

Readings

• Go-on: おん (on)^{←をん (won, historical)}
• Kan-on: えん (en)^{←ゑん (wen, historical)}
• Kun: ここに (kokoni, 爰に)

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Korean

Hanja

爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)

1. lead on to
2. therefore
3. then

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Vietnamese

Han character

爰: Hán Nôm readings: viên, vươn

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