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单词 爪
释义

爪

See also: 爫, 瓜, 手, and 寸
爪 U+722A, 爪
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-722A
← 爩
[U+7229]		CJK Unified Ideographs爫 →
[U+722B]
⽖ U+2F56, ⽖
KANGXI RADICAL CLAW
← ⽕
[U+2F55]		Kangxi Radicals⽗ →
[U+2F57]
⺥ U+2EA5, ⺥
CJK RADICAL PAW TWO
← ⺤
[U+2EA4]		CJK Radicals Supplement⺦ →
[U+2EA6]

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

  • 爫 – when used as a top radical

Han character

爪 (Kangxi radical 87, 爪+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹中人 (HLO), four-corner 72230, composition ⿸𠂆⿰丨乀)

  1. Kangxi radical #87, ⽖.

Derived terms

  • Appendix:Chinese radical/爪
  • 𫩜, 𢁬, 抓, 沠, 𤜶, 枛, 𤣺, 𥄄, 𮄨, 𧘷, 䖣, 𧠘, 𧦐, 䝖, 𬦦, 𮠜, 釽(𬬲), 𤔗, 𩨢, 𪗢
  • 𦧍, 𧠙, 坕, 𦥝, 𫵕, 𦬔, 𢦞, 𪽫, 𮃹, 𤰰, 笊, 𮍕, 𢦼, 𤰲, 𩬐

References

  • KangXi: page 688, character 26
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19653
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1101, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2030, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+722A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爪
ShangWestern ZhouShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsSmall seal scriptTranscribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (爪) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
抓*ʔsruː, *ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
爪*ʔsruːʔ
笊*ʔsruːʔ, *ʔsruːs
找*ʔsruːʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a hand grabbing from above (in earlier forms from side); compare 手, 寸, 九.

Etymology 1

trad.爪
simp. #爪
alternative forms㕚 ancient

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): zhuǎ, zhǎo (zhua3, zhao3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄚˇ, ㄓㄠˇ
    (Chengdu, SP): zao3
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau2
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): cháu
  • Jin (Wiktionary): zua2
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): cháu / chiáu / liáu / niáu / jiáu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riao2 / riou2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): tsau (T2)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, vernacular)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎ
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎ
      • Wade–Giles: chua3
      • Yale: jwǎ
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joa
      • Palladius: чжуа (čžua)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂwä²¹⁴/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuǎr
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄚˇㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuǎr
      • Wade–Giles: chuarh3
      • Yale: jwǎr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: joal
      • Palladius: чжуар (čžuar)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂwɑɻ²¹⁴/
    • (Standard Chinese, literary)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎo
      • Zhuyin: ㄓㄠˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎo
      • Wade–Giles: chao3
      • Yale: jǎu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jao
      • Palladius: чжао (čžao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
Note:
  • zhuǎ - “claw; claw-like object”.
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: zao3
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: zao
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sau⁵³/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: zaau2
      • Yale: jáau
      • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau2
      • Guangdong Romanization: zao2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡saːu̯³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cháu
      • Hakka Romanization System: zau`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: zau3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sau̯³¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: zua2
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sua⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cháu
      • Tâi-lô: tsáu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zao
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sau⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiáu
      • Tâi-lô: tsiáu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ciao
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiau⁵³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiau⁵⁵⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liáu
      • Tâi-lô: liáu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liao
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁵⁵⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niáu
      • Tâi-lô: niáu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: niao
      • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niãu⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiáu
      • Tâi-lô: jiáu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jiao
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiau⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiau⁴¹/
Note:
  • cháu - literary;
  • chiáu/liáu/niáu/jiáu - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: riao2 / riou2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiáu / jióu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziau⁵²/, /d͡ziou⁵²/
Note:
  • riao2 - Shantou;
  • riou2 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: tsau (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ³⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃˠauX/
Rime
Character爪
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)莊 (18)
Final (韻)肴 (90)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)II
Fanqie側絞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ʃˠauX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ʈ͡ʂᵚauX/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ʃauX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ʈ͡ʂaɨwX/
Li
Rong		/t͡ʃauX/
Wang
Li		/t͡ʃauX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ʈ͡ʂauX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		zhǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		zaau2
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤ<r>uʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character爪
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		zhǎo
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsræwX ›
Old
Chinese		/*[ts]ˁ<r>uʔ/
Englishclaw

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character爪
Reading #1/1
No.17658
Phonetic
component		爪
Rime
group		幽
Rime
subdivision		1
Corresponding
MC rime		爪
Old
Chinese		/*ʔsruːʔ/

Definitions

爪

  1. claw (of animal, bird); talon; paw; nail
  2. (Hakka) to grab with claws
  3. claw-like object; foot (of an item)
  4. (derogatory or humorous) hand (of a person)
  5. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) nail (of a person)
  6. a surname
Usage notes
  • 爪 (zhuǎ) ― paws or claws of vertebrates, except for humans, bears, ducks, geese and swans
  • 鉗／钳 (qián) ― claws of arthropods (crabs, clawed lobsters, scorpions, etc.)
  • 掌 (zhǎng) ― hands, paws or claws of humans (only in compounds), bears, ducks, geese or swans
  • 手 (shǒu) ― hands or hooves of humans or swine (only for culinary swine hooves)
  • 蹄 (tí) ― hooves
Synonyms
  • (claw):
Dialectal synonyms of 爪子 (“claw; paw”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese爪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)爪子
MandarinBeijing爪子, 爪兒
Taiwan爪子
Harbin爪子
Yantai (Muping)爪子
Jinan爪子
Luoyang爪兒
Wanrong爪子
Xi'an爪子, 爪爪兒
Yinchuan爪子
Xining爪子
Ürümqi爪爪子, 爪子
Wuhan爪子
Chengdu爪爪, 爪子
Guiyang爪爪
Liuzhou爪
Xuzhou爪子
Yangzhou爪子
Nanjing爪子
Hefei爪子
Nantong爪子
CantoneseGuangzhou爪
Hong Kong爪
Yangjiang爪, 腳爪
GanNanchang爪子
Lichuan爪
Pingxiang腳爪
HakkaMeixian腳爪, 爪
Yudu腳爪
Miaoli (N. Sixian)爪
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)爪
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)爪
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)爪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)爪
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)爪
HuizhouJixi腳爪
JinTaiyuan爪爪, 爪子
Xinzhou爪子
Min BeiJian'ou跤爪, 爪
Min DongFuzhou跤爪
Min NanXiamen跤爪, 爪, 爪仔
Quanzhou跤爪, 爪
Zhangzhou跤爪, 爪
Chaozhou爪
Shantou爪
Leizhou跤爪
Haikou跤爪
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)撓, 爪
WuShanghai腳爪
Shanghai (Chongming)腳爪
Suzhou腳爪
Danyang腳爪
Hangzhou腳爪兒
Ningbo腳爪
Wenzhou腳爪, 爪
Jinhua腳鈀
XiangChangsha爪子, 腳爪子
Loudi腳爪爪
Shuangfeng爪子

Compounds

  • 冰爪
  • 展爪
  • 心膂爪牙
  • 手爪 (shǒuzhuǎ)
  • 握拳透爪
  • 熊爪
  • 爪印
  • 爪哇 (Zhǎowā)
  • 爪哇人 (Zhǎowārén)
  • 爪哇族
  • 爪士
  • 爪子 (zhǎozi)
  • 爪枯
  • 爪牙 (zhǎoyá)
  • 爪牙之士
  • 爪牙吏
  • 爪牙官
  • 爪甲
  • 爪痕
  • 爪老
  • 爪袖
  • 爪角
  • 牙爪
  • 狗爪子
  • 能牙利爪
  • 虎爪拳
  • 虎爪豆
  • 魔爪 (mózhǎo)
  • 一鱗一爪／一鳞一爪
  • 一鱗半爪／一鳞半爪 (yīlínbànzhǎo)
  • 八爪魚／八爪鱼 (bāzhuǎyú)
  • 張牙舞爪／张牙舞爪 (zhāngyáwǔzhǎo)
  • 探爪兒／探爪儿
  • 東鱗西爪／东鳞西爪
  • 熱爪哇／热爪哇 (rèzhǎowā)
  • 爪兒／爪儿
  • 爪哇國／爪哇国 (Zhǎowāguó)
  • 爪哇島／爪哇岛
  • 爪字頭／爪字头 (zhǎozìtóu)
  • 爪尋／爪寻
  • 爪尖兒／爪尖儿
  • 爪牙之將／爪牙之将
  • 爪甲點金／爪甲点金
  • 爪蹄類／爪蹄类
  • 片鱗半爪／片鳞半爪
  • 犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
  • 祿山之爪／禄山之爪
  • 繫爪／系爪
  • 舞爪張牙／舞爪张牙
  • 通眉長爪／通眉长爪
  • 鉤爪／钩爪
  • 鉤爪鋸牙／钩爪锯牙
  • 鋸牙鉤爪／锯牙钩爪
  • 雞爪／鸡爪 (jīzhuǎ)
  • 雞爪釘／鸡爪钉
  • 雪泥鴻爪／雪泥鸿爪
  • 飛鴻雪爪／飞鸿雪爪
  • 鱉爪／鳖爪
  • 鱗爪／鳞爪 (línzhǎo)
  • 鳥爪／鸟爪
  • 鳳爪／凤爪 (fèngzhǎo)
  • 鴻爪／鸿爪
  • 鵰心雁爪／雕心雁爪
  • 鷹爪／鹰爪
  • 鷹爪功／鹰爪功
  • 鷹爪毛兒／鹰爪毛儿
  • 龍爪／龙爪
  • 龍爪書／龙爪书
  • 龍爪槐／龙爪槐

Etymology 2

trad.爪
simp. #爪
alternative forms抓

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): niàu / liàu / jiàu
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niàu
      • Tâi-lô: niàu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: niaux
      • IPA (Xiamen): /niãu²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /niãu¹¹/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàu
      • Tâi-lô: liàu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liaux
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /liau⁴¹/
    • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiàu
      • Tâi-lô: jiàu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jiaux
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiau²¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiau²¹/

Definitions

爪

  1. (Min Nan) to claw; to scratch (with one's claw or nail)
  2. (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for claw or scratch mark.

Compounds

  • 爪目
  • 爪耙仔
  • 爪解
  • 爪鼻

Japanese

Kanji

爪

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. nail, claw

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō)←せう (seu, historical)
  • Kan-on: そう (sō)←さう (sau, historical)
  • Kun: つめ (tsume, 爪, Jōyō); つま (tsuma, 爪, Jōyō †)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
爪
つめ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *tumay. The standalone form of tsuma below.[1] Likely derived as a fusion of tsuma + emphatic nominalizing particle い (i), similar to the phonetic development of 目 (me, from ma + i) or 神 (kami, from kamu + i).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) つめ [tsùmé] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [t͡sɨᵝme̞]

Noun

爪(つめ) • (tsume) 

  1. nail; claw
Derived terms
  • 鷹(たか)の爪(つめ) (taka no tsume)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
爪
つま
Grade: S
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, presumably in turn from Proto-Japonic *tuma. The root form of tsume above, generally only used in compounds. Cognate with 端 (tsuma, “edge, side of something”) and 妻 (tsuma, “wife”, original sense of “spouse”).[1]

Affix

爪(つま) • (tsuma) 

  1. (only in compounds) nail; claw
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 爪(つま)音(おと) (tsumaoto, “the sound of a stringed instrument when plucked with a pick or plectrum; the sound of a horse's hoofbeat”)
  • 爪(つま)弾(び)く (tsumabiku, “to pluck with one's fingernail, such as a stringed instrument”)
  • 爪(つま)折(お)る (tsumaoru, “to pick or break something off with one's fingernails”)
  • 爪(つま)隠(かくし), 爪(つま)隠(かく)し (tsumakakushi, “hiding one's claws; a kind of zōri grass sandal, where the front end extends and folds over the tops of the toes”)
  • 爪(つま)先(さき) (tsumasaki, “tiptoe”)
  • 摘(つ)まむ (tsumamu, “to pinch; to pick at; to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers”)
  • 摘(つ)む (tsumu, “to pick something up with the tips of one's fingers; to snip the tip off of something”)
  • 躓(つまず)く (tsumazuku, “to stumble”)
  • 爪(つま)楊(よう)枝(じ) (tsuma yōji, “a small toothpick”)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Khitan

Etymology

Distantly related with Proto-Mongolic *jaxun (“hundred”), whence Classical Mongolian ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ (ǰaɣun) (> Mongolian зуу (zuu) and Daur jau).

Numeral

爪 (jau)

  1. hundred (100)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 爪 (MC t͡ʃˠauX). Recorded as Middle Korean 조〮 (cwó) (Yale: cwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource爪 (eumhun 손톱 조 (sontop jo))

  1. Hanja form? of 조 (“nail; claw”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 가조 (假爪, gajo)
  • 유조류 (有爪類, yujoryu)
  • 유조동물 (有爪動物, yujodongmul)

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

爪: Hán Nôm readings: trảo, trẩu, vuốt, trảu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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