爛

See also: 烂

爛	U+721B, 爛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-721B

← 爚
[U+721A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

爜 →
[U+721C]

爛	U+F91E, 爛 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91E

← 欄
[U+F91D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

蘭 →
[U+F91F]

Translingual

Han character

爛 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 9782₀, composition ⿰火闌)

References

KangXi: page 687, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2249, character 2
Unihan data for U+721B
Unihan data for U+F91E

Chinese

trad.		爛
simp.		烂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ
(Chengdu, SP): nan⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lan
Min Bei (KCR): lṳ̄ing
Min Dong (BUC): lâng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): nōa / lān
(Teochew, Peng'im): nuan⁷ / lang⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): le (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làn
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Yale: làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: laan⁶
  - Yale: laahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lan
  - Hakka Romanization System: lan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lan⁵⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
  - Tâi-lô: nuā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: noa
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /nuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān
  - Tâi-lô: lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lan³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lan²²/

Note:

nōa - vernacular;
lān - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: nuan⁷ / lang⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nuāⁿ / lăng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nũã¹¹/, /laŋ³⁵/

Note:

nuan7 - vernacular;
lang6 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: le (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /lɑn^H/

Rime
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	郎旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lan^H/
Li Rong	/lɑn^H/
Wang Li	/lɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤan-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	làn
Middle Chinese	‹ lan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁan-s/
English	cooked until soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
No.	6130
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爛
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːns/

Definitions

爛

(of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed
爛蘋果／烂苹果 ― làn píngguǒ ― rotten apple
well-cooked; soft; mushy
佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ di¹ syu⁴ zai² zyu² dak¹ hou² laan⁶. [Jyutping]
He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.
broken; fragmented; shattered
佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ zing² laan⁶ kei⁴ taa¹ jan⁴ di¹ je⁵ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹ co³. [Jyutping]
He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.
low-quality; poor; lousy
爛gag／烂gag [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ gag [Jyutping] ― bad joke
我的英文很爛。／我的英文很烂。 ― Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn. ― My English is awful.
to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
completely; thoroughly
bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent
(Cantonese) to be addicted to
Synonym: 嗜 (shì)
爛瞓／烂𰥛 [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ fan³ [Jyutping] ― to habitually sleep too much; to be a lover of sleep
爛賭／烂赌 [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ dou² [Jyutping] ― fond of gambling
Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 爛 (“rotten; decayed”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		爛
Mandarin	Taiwan	爛
Mandarin	Singapore	爛
Min Nan	Tainan	爛
	Penang (Hokkien)	爛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爛
	Jieyang	糜
	Singapore (Teochew)	糜

Compounds

Derived terms from 爛

下三爛／下三烂 (xiàsānlàn)
光輝燦爛／光辉灿烂 (guānghuīcànlàn)
土崩魚爛／土崩鱼烂
天真爛漫／天真烂漫 (tiānzhēnlànmàn)
希爛／希烂
打爛／打烂 (dǎlàn)
打爛帳／打烂帐
扯爛汙／扯烂污
拆爛汙／拆烂污
拾破爛／拾破烂
揀破爛／拣破烂
撕爛／撕烂
撿破爛／捡破烂 (jiǎn pòlàn)
斷爛朝報／断烂朝报
朱墨爛然／朱墨烂然
朽爛／朽烂 (xiǔlàn)
柯爛忘歸／柯烂忘归
海枯石爛／海枯石烂
滾瓜爛熟／滚瓜烂熟 (gǔnguālànshú)
潰爛／溃烂 (kuìlàn)
焜爛／焜烂
焦沙爛石／焦沙烂石
焦頭爛額／焦头烂额 (jiāotóulàn'é)
熀爛／熀烂
燈光燦爛／灯光灿烂
燋爛／燋烂
燋頭爛額／燋头烂额
燦爛／灿烂 (cànlàn)
燦爛奪目／灿烂夺目
爛不濟／烂不济

爛了嘴／烂了嘴
爛了舌頭／烂了舌头
爛化／烂化
爛口／烂口
爛好人／烂好人 (lànhǎorén)
爛帳／烂帐 (lànzhàng)
爛忠厚／烂忠厚
爛攤子／烂摊子 (làntānzi)
爛料／烂料
爛板洋錢／烂板洋钱
爛板烏龜／烂板乌龟
爛柯／烂柯 (lànkē)
爛殺／烂杀
爛汙貨／烂污货
爛泥／烂泥 (lànní)
爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn)
爛然／烂然
爛熟／烂熟 (lànshú)
爛熳／烂熳
爛爛兒的／烂烂儿的
爛片／烂片
爛糊／烂糊
爛縵／烂缦 (lànmàn)
爛羊頭／烂羊头
爛腸子／烂肠子
爛舌頭／烂舌头
爛若披錦／烂若披锦
爛賬／烂账
爛遊／烂游
爛醉／烂醉

爛醉如泥／烂醉如泥
爛醬／烂酱
爛銀盤／烂银盘 (lànyínpán)
爛頭寸／烂头寸 (làntóucùn)
爛額焦頭／烂额焦头
爛飯／烂饭
珠斗爛班／珠斗烂班
皮焦肉爛／皮焦肉烂
石爛海枯／石烂海枯
破爛／破烂 (pòlàn)
破爛不堪／破烂不堪 (pòlànbùkān)
破爛兒／破烂儿
破爛流丟／破烂流丢
破銅爛鐵／破铜烂铁 (pòtónglàntiě)
砸爛／砸烂 (zálàn)
稀巴爛／稀巴烂 (xībālàn)
稀爛／稀烂 (xīlàn)
米爛成倉／米烂成仓
糜爛／糜烂 (mílàn)
絢爛／绚烂 (xuànlàn)
綿爛／绵烂 (mî-nōa) (Min Nan)
腐爛／腐烂 (fǔlàn)
臭街爛巷／臭街烂巷
那爛陀／那烂陀
霉爛／霉烂 (méilàn)
靡爛／靡烂
魚爛／鱼烂
魚爛土崩／鱼烂土崩
魚爛而亡／鱼烂而亡

References

“爛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

爛

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

be sore
inflamed
bleary
fester

Readings

Go-on: らん (ran)
Kan-on: らん (ran)
Kun: ただれる (tadareru, 爛れる)

Korean

Hanja

爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

爛: Hán Nôm readings: lạn, láng, rạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.