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单词 熱
释义

熱

See also: 热 and 熟
熱 U+71B1, 熱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71B1
← 熰
[U+71B0]		CJK Unified Ideographs熲 →
[U+71B2]

Translingual

Han character

熱 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土戈火 (GIF), four-corner 45331, composition ⿱埶灬)

Derived characters

  • 𪷴, 𢤢, 爇(𦶟)
  • 热 (Simplified Chinese)

References

  • KangXi: page 681, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19360
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2230, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+71B1

Chinese

trad.熱
simp.热
alternative forms𤍠
𤉟
𤋩
𤎮
𪌌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (埶) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
褹*ŋr'eːds, *ŋeds
勢*hŋjeds
藝*ŋeds
囈*ŋeds
埶*ŋeds
蓺*ŋeds
槸*ŋeds
爇*ŋʷjed
褻*sŋed
暬*sŋed
熱*ŋjed
槷*ŋeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋjed) : phonetic 埶 (OC *ŋeds) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

Etymology

Schuessler (2007) considers this a *-t derivation of Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nwe (“warm”) (with initial *n- ~ ŋ- vacillation), whence also Burmese နွေး (nwe:, “warm; lukewarm”) and နွှေး (hnwe:, “to warm something; to revise”).

Often considered to be related to 爇 (OC *ŋʷjed, “to burn; to toast”) and 焫 (OC *njod, “hot”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): rè (re4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄜˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): re2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): жә (řə, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): jit6
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nget5
  • Gan (Wiktionary): let6
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngie̍t / ngia̍t
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiad6
  • Jin (Wiktionary): rah4
  • Min Bei (KCR): iě
  • Min Dong (BUC): iĕk
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍t / jia̍t / loa̍h / joa̍h
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riêg8 / riag8 / ruah8
  • Wu (Wiktionary): nyiq (T5)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): ye6
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: rè
      • Zhuyin: ㄖㄜˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: rè
      • Wade–Giles: jê4
      • Yale: rè
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: reh
      • Palladius: жэ (žɛ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʐɤ⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: re2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhe
      • Sinological IPA (key): /zɛ²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: жә (řə, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʐə²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: jit6
      • Yale: yiht
      • Cantonese Pinyin: jit9
      • Guangdong Romanization: yid6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiːt̚²/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: nget5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡet̚³²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: let6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lɛt̚⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngie̍t
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngied
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad6
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯et̚⁵/
    • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngia̍t
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngiad
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiad6
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi̯at̚⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ngiad6
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲiat̚⁵/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: rah4
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐaʔ²/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: iě
      • Sinological IPA (key): /iɛ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: iĕk
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ieʔ⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍t
      • Tâi-lô: lia̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: liat
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /liɛt̚²⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɛt̚⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jia̍t
      • Tâi-lô: jia̍t
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jiat
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiɛt̚⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiɛt̚¹²¹/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loa̍h
      • Tâi-lô: lua̍h
      • Phofsit Daibuun: loah
      • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /luaʔ²⁴/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /luaʔ⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Singapore, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: joa̍h
      • Tâi-lô: jua̍h
      • Phofsit Daibuun: joah
      • IPA (Penang): /d͡zuaʔ⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zuaʔ¹²¹/
      • IPA (Singapore): /d͡zuaʔ⁴³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zuaʔ⁴/
Note:
  • lia̍t/jia̍t - literary;
  • loa̍h/joa̍h - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: riêg8 / riag8 / ruah8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jie̍k / jia̍k / jua̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡ziek̚⁴/, /d͡ziak̚⁴/, /d͡zuaʔ⁴/
Note:
  • riêg8/riag8 - literary (riêg8 - Chaozhou);
  • ruah8 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: nyiq (T5)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲi̯ɪʔ¹²/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: ye6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ye̞²⁴/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
熱
MandarinBeijing/ʐɤ⁵¹/
Harbin/ʐɤ⁵³/
Tianjin/iɤ⁵³/
/ʐɤ⁵³/
Jinan/ʐə²¹/
Qingdao/iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou/ʐʐ̩ɛ²⁴/
Xi'an/ʐɤ²¹/
Xining/ʐɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/ʐə¹³/
Lanzhou/ʐə¹³/
Ürümqi/ʐɤ²¹³/
Wuhan/nɤ²¹³/
Chengdu/ze³¹/
Guiyang/zɛ²¹/
Kunming/ʐə³¹/
Nanjing/ʐəʔ⁵/
Hefei/ʐɐʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/zaʔ²/
Pingyao/ʐʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/ʐaʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/ȵiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou/ȵiəʔ³/
Hangzhou/zz̩ʷəʔ²/
Wenzhou/ȵi²¹³/
HuiShexian/ne²²/
Tunxi/ȵia¹¹/
XiangChangsha/ye²⁴/
Xiangtan/ie²⁴/
GanNanchang/lɛʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/ŋiat̚⁵/
Taoyuan/ŋiet̚⁵⁵/
CantoneseGuangzhou/jit̚²/
Nanning/jit̚²²/
Hong Kong/jit̚²/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/liat̚⁵/
/luaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/iɛ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan)/ziak̚⁵/
/zuaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/zit̚³/
/zua³³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ȵiᴇt̚/
Rime
Character熱
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)日 (38)
Final (韻)仙 (81)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie如列切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ȵiᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/ȵiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȵʑjæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ȵiat̚/
Li
Rong		/ȵiɛt̚/
Wang
Li		/ȵʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȵʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		rè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		jit6
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nat/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋjed/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character熱
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		rè
Middle
Chinese		‹ nyet ›
Old
Chinese		/*C.nat/ (or *C.ŋet?)
Englishhot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character熱
Reading #1/1
No.15099
Phonetic
component		埶
Rime
group		月
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		熱
Old
Chinese		/*ŋjed/

Definitions

熱

  1. hot; heated; having a high temperature
    一杯熱茶／一杯热茶  ―  yī bēi rè chá  ―  a cup of hot tea
    今天很熱。／今天很热。  ―  Jīntiān hěn rè.  ―  It is quite hot today.
    啲湯仲好熱，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    啲汤仲好热，小心啲啦。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    di1 tong1 zung6 hou2 jit6, siu2 sam1 di1 laa1. [Jyutping]
    The soup's still hot; be careful.
    湯還熱呢，要小心。／汤还热呢，要小心。  ―  Tāng hái rè ne, yào xiǎoxīn.  ―  The soup's still hot; be careful.
  2. to heat up; to warm up
  3. heat; hotness; warmness; high temperature
    傳熱／传热  ―  chuán rè  ―  to conduct heat
  4. (literary) hot weather; summer heat
  5. kind; amiable; fervent; close and dear
    熱情／热情  ―  rèqíng  ―  enthusiastic
    熱戀／热恋  ―  rèliàn  ―  to be head over heels in love; to be madly in love
    熱心腸／热心肠  ―  rèxīncháng  ―  warm-heartedness
  6. fever; febrility; pyrexia
    發熱／发热  ―  fārè  ―  to have a fever
    退熱／退热  ―  tuìrè  ―  to bring down a fever
  7. craze; fad
    鋼琴熱／钢琴热  ―  gāngqín rè  ―  piano craze; intense enthusiasm for learning the piano
  8. popular; fashionable; in vogue
    熱門／热门  ―  rèmén  ―  popular; in vogue; hot
  9. noisy; lively
    熱鬧／热闹  ―  rènào  ―  bustling; lively
  10. (literary) worried; anxious; distraught
  11. envious
    眼熱／眼热  ―  yǎnrè  ―  to envy
  12. (traditional Chinese medicine) heaty
  13. a surname

Synonyms

  • (hot):
edit
Synonyms of 熱
Dialectal synonyms of 熱 (“hot”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese熱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)熱
MandarinBeijing熱
Taiwan熱
Yantai (Muping)熱
Jinan熱
Wanrong熱
Xi'an熱
Yinchuan熱
Wuhan熱
Chengdu熱
Guilin熱
Yangzhou熱, 暖 †
Nanjing熱
Hefei熱
Singapore燒 ‡, 熱 †
CantoneseGuangzhou熱, 㷫
Hong Kong熱, 㷫
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)熱
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)熱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)熱
Taishan熱
Dongguan熱, 㷫
Yangjiang熱
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)熱
Singapore (Guangfu)熱, 燒 ‡
GanNanchang熱
Lichuan熱
Pingxiang熱
HakkaMeixian燒, 熱
Xingning燒
Huidong (Daling)燒
Shaoguan (Qujiang)滾
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)暖
Changting燒
Wuping燒
Wuping (Pingyu)燒
Liancheng燒
Ninghua燒
Ruijin滾
Shicheng燒
Shangyou (Shexi)滾
Miaoli (N. Sixian)熱
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)熱
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)熱
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)熱
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)熱
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)熱
Hong Kong燒, 熱 †
HuizhouJixi熱
JinTaiyuan熱
Min BeiJian'ou燒, 熱 †
Min DongFuzhou熱
Matsu熱
Min NanXiamen燒, 熱 †
Xiamen (Tong'an)燒
Quanzhou燒, 熱
Zhangzhou燒, 熱
Zhao'an燒
Dongshan熱
Taipei燒 GT, 熱 †, GT
Penang (Hokkien)燒 ‡, 熱 †
Singapore (Hokkien)燒 ‡, 熱 †
Manila (Hokkien)燒 ‡, 熱 †
Chaozhou燒, 熱 †
Shantou燒, 熱 †
Jieyang燒 ‡, 熱 †
Bangkok (Teochew)燒, 熱 †
Johor Bahru (Teochew)燒, 熱 †
Singapore (Teochew)燒 ‡, 熱 †
Leizhou熱
Wenchang燒
Haikou燒, 燒熱
Qionghai熱
Singapore (Hainanese)燒 ‡, 熱 †
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)熱
WuShanghai熱
Suzhou熱
Wenzhou熱
Jinhua熱
XiangChangsha熱
Shuangfeng熱
NoteGT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified); † - describes the weather; ‡ - describes objects

Compounds

Derived terms from 熱

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (熱):
  • → Japanese: 熱(ねつ) (netsu)
  • → Korean: 열(熱) (yeol)
  • → Vietnamese: nhiệt (熱)

Japanese

See also 熱する

Kanji

熱

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. heat
  2. temperature
  3. fever
  4. mania
  5. passion

Readings

  • Go-on: ねつ (netsu, Jōyō)←ねつ (netu, historical); ねち (nechi)←ねち (neti, historical)
  • Kan-on: ぜつ (zetsu)←ぜつ (zetu, historical)
  • Kun: あつい (atsui, 熱い, Jōyō); あつかう (atsukau, 熱う)←あつかふ (atukafu, historical); あつかわし (atsukawashi, 熱かわし)←あつかはし (atukafasi, historical); いきる (ikiru, 熱る); いきれる (ikireru, 熱れる); ほてる (hoteru, 熱る); ほとおり (hotōri, 熱)←ほとほり (fotofori, historical); ほとぼり (hotobori, 熱り); ほとぼる (hotoboru, 熱る); ほとり (hotori, 熱)
  • Nanori: あつ (atsu)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 熱海(あたみ) (Atami)
  • 熱(あつ)熱(あつ), 熱(あつ)々(あつ) (atsuatsu)
  • 熱(あつ)燗(かん) (atsukan)
  • 熱(あつ)田(た) (Atsuta)
  • 熱(あつ)火(び) (atsubi)
  • 熱(あつ)湯(ゆ) (atsuyu)
  • 熱(ねつ)愛(あい) (netsuai)
  • 熱(ねつ)意(い) (netsui)
  • 熱(ねつ)雲(うん) (netsuun)
  • 熱(ねつ)演(えん) (netsuen)
  • 熱(ねっ)火(か) (nekka)
  • 熱(ねつ)核(かく) (netsukaku)
  • 熱(ねつ)学(がく) (netsugaku)
  • 熱(ねつ)感(かん) (netsukan)
  • 熱(ねっ)官(かん) (nekkan)
  • 熱(ねつ)願(がん) (netsugan)
  • 熱(ねっ)気(き) (nekki)
  • 熱(ねっ)狂(きょう) (nekkyō)
  • 熱(ねつ)気(け) (netsuke)
  • 熱(ねつ)型(けい) (netsukei)
  • 熱(ねっ)血(けつ) (nekketsu)
  • 熱(ねつ)圏(けん) (netsuken)
  • 熱(ねつ)源(げん) (netsugen)
  • 熱(ねっ)砂(さ) (nessa)
  • 熱(ねっ)賛(さん), 熱(ねっ)讃(さん) (nessan)
  • 熱(ねっ)砂(しゃ) (nessha)
  • 熱(ねっ)暑(しょ) (nessho)
  • 熱(ねっ)唱(しょう) (nesshō)
  • 熱(ねっ)傷(しょう) (nesshō)
  • 熱(ねつ)情(じょう) (netsujō)
  • 熱(ねっ)心(しん) (nesshin)
  • 熱(ねっ)水(すい) (nessui)
  • 熱(ねっ)誠(せい) (nessei)
  • 熱(ねっ)戦(せん) (nessen)
  • 熱(ねっ)線(せん) (nessen)
  • 熱(ねっ)素(そ) (nesso)
  • 熱(ねっ)帯(たい) (nettai)
  • 熱(ねっ)地(ち) (netchi)
  • 熱(ねっ)中(ちゅう) (netchū)
  • 熱(ねっ)衷(ちゅう) (netchū)
  • 熱(ねっ)腸(ちょう) (netchō)
  • 熱(ねっ)低(てい) (nettei)
  • 熱(ねっ)鉄(てつ) (nettetsu)
  • 熱(ねっ)湯(とう) (nettō)
  • 熱(ねっ)闘(とう) (nettō)
  • 熱(ねっ)禱(とう) (nettō)
  • 熱(ねつ)鬧(どう) (netsudō)
  • 熱(ねつ)病(びょう) (netsubyō)
  • 熱(ねっ)風(ぷう) (neppū)
  • 熱(ねつ)弁(べん) (netsuben)
  • 熱(ねつ)望(ぼう) (netsubō)
  • 熱(ねつ)量(りょう) (netsuryō)
  • 熱(ねつ)涙(るい) (netsurui)
  • 熱(ねつ)烈(れつ) (netsuretsu)
  • 炎(えん)熱(ねつ) (ennetsu)
  • 加(か)熱(ねつ) (kanetsu)
  • 苦(く)熱(ねつ) (kunetsu)
  • 解(げ)熱(ねつ) (genetsu)
  • 喧(けん)熱(ねつ) (kennetsu)
  • 高(こう)熱(ねつ) (kōnetsu)
  • 酷(こく)熱(ねつ) (kokunetsu)
  • 午(ご)熱(ねつ) (gonetsu)
  • 灼(しゃく)熱(ねつ) (shakunetsu)
  • 爍(しゃく)熱(ねつ) (shakunetsu)
  • 焦(しょう)熱(ねつ) (shōnetsu)
  • 情(じょう)熱(ねつ) (jōnetsu)
  • 触(しょく)熱(ねつ) (shokunetsu)
  • 暑(しょ)熱(ねつ) (shonetsu)
  • 燀(たん)熱(ねつ) (tannetsu)
  • 癉(たん)熱(ねつ) (tannetsu)
  • 地(ち)熱(ねつ) (chinetsu)
  • 鬧(どう)熱(ねつ) (dōnetsu)
  • 白(はく)熱(ねつ) (hakunetsu)
  • 発(はつ)熱(ねつ) (hatsunetsu)
  • 夜(や)熱(ねつ) (yanetsu)
  • 余(よ)熱(ねつ) (yonetsu)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
熱
ねつ
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 熱 (MC ȵiᴇt̚).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ねつ​ [nètsúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ne̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

熱(ねつ) • (netsu) 

  1. fever
    物(もの)凄(すご)い熱(ねつ)を出(だ)す
    monosugoi netsu o dasu
    to come down with a terrible fever
  2. (physics) heat

Suffix

熱(ねつ) • (-netsu) 

  1. (informal) passion; mania; fever (towards an activity or topic)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2011, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Seventh Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

熱 (eumhun 더울 열 (deoul yeol))

  1. Hanja form? of 열 (“fever; heat”).

Vietnamese

Han character

熱: Hán Việt readings: nhiệt[1]
熱: Nôm readings: nhét[2], nhẹt[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of nhiệt (“heat”).

References

  1. Trần (1999).
  2. Hồ (1976).
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