煙管

煙管

Chinese

		cigarette; tobacco; smoke	to take care (of); to control; to manage to take care (of); to control; to manage; to be in charge of; to look after; to run; tube; pipe
trad. (煙管/菸管)		煙/菸	管
simp. (烟管)		烟	管

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yānguǎn

  (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jin¹ gun²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yānguǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄧㄢ ㄍㄨㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yanguǎn
    • Wade–Giles: yen¹-kuan³
    • Yale: yān-gwǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iangoan
    • Palladius: яньгуань (janʹguanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn⁵⁵ kwän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jin¹ gun²
    • Yale: yīn gún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jin¹ gun²
    • Guangdong Romanization: yin¹ gun²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn⁵⁵ kuːn³⁵/

Noun

煙管

1. smoke pipe or tube; flue header

Synonyms

• (Min Nan) 薰吹

Derived terms

煙管麵／烟管面 (yānguǎnmiàn)

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Japanese

煙管 (kiseru): a traditional Japanese smoking pipe.

Kanji in this term
煙	管
きせる
Grade: S	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Etymology 1

From Khmer ខ្សៀរ (khsiěrô) or ខ្សៀ (khsiě, “a pipe for smoking”).[1][2] Tobacco trade from Europe first went through Southeast Asia before reaching Japan. One source[3] suggests that the Khmer word itself was a borrowing from Spanish que sorber or Portuguese que sorver, “that which is sucked upon”.

Variant readings include kiseri and kisero[1], although these are rare.

The kanji spelling 煙管 is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きせる [kìsérú] (Heiban – [0])[4]
• IPA^(key): [kʲi̥se̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

煙管(きせる) or 煙管(キセリ) or 煙管(キセロ) • (kiseru or kiseri or kisero) 

1. a tobacco pipe with a metal stem
2. (slang) a way of cheating on one's train fare

   The train rider purchases two tickets, one for a short distance at the start of the journey, and one for a short distance at the end of the journey. In this way, the rider can avoid having to pay full fare for the total distance traveled.

   A pun on the way that there is 金 (kane, “metal; money”) on both ends, but not in the middle, similar to a kiseru pipe.

3. (slang) a way of buying votes for an election

   The vote buyer pays the voter part before the election and part after (assuming the election buyer wins).

   A pun on the way that there is 金 (kane, “metal; money”) on both ends, but not in the middle, similar to a kiseru pipe.

4. (obsolete) during the Edo period, someone who sold slow match to theater-goers to use to light their pipes

Synonyms

• (fare dodging): 不(ふ)正(せい)乗(じょう)車(しゃ) (fusei jōsha) (official, formal), ただ乗(の)り (tadanori) (not paying any fare at all)
• (slow match seller): 火(ひ)縄(なわ)売(うり) (hinawauri)

Verb

煙管(きせる)する • (kiseru suru) suru (stem 煙管(きせる)し (kiseru shi), past 煙管(きせる)した (kiseru shita))

1. (slang) to cheat on one's train fare

Conjugation

Conjugation of "煙管する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	煙管し	きせるし	kiseru shi
Continuative (連用形)	煙管し	きせるし	kiseru shi
Terminal (終止形)	煙管する	きせるする	kiseru suru
Attributive (連体形)	煙管する	きせるする	kiseru suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	煙管すれ	きせるすれ	kiseru sure
Imperative (命令形)	煙管せよ¹ 煙管しろ²	きせるせよ¹ きせるしろ²	kiseru seyo¹ kiseru shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	煙管される	きせるされる	kiseru sareru
Causative	煙管させる 煙管さす	きせるさせる きせるさす	kiseru saseru kiseru sasu
Potential	煙管できる	きせるできる	kiseru dekiru
Volitional	煙管しよう	きせるしよう	kiseru shiyō
Negative	煙管しない	きせるしない	kiseru shinai
Negative continuative	煙管せず	きせるせず	kiseru sezu
Formal	煙管します	きせるします	kiseru shimasu
Perfective	煙管した	きせるした	kiseru shita
Conjunctive	煙管して	きせるして	kiseru shite
Hypothetical conditional	煙管すれば	きせるすれば	kiseru sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

煙管 (enkan): the red horizontal lines are the fire tubes.

Kanji in this term
煙	管
えん Grade: S	かん Grade: 4
on’yomi

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 煙管 (MC ʔen kuɑn^X, literally “smoke + tube”). Compare modern Mandarin 煙管 (yānguǎn).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) えんかん [èńkáń] (Heiban – [0])[4][2]
• IPA^(key): [ẽ̞ŋkã̠ɴ]

Noun

煙(えん)管(かん) • (enkan) ^{←えんくわん (enkwan)?}

1. a fire tube or boiler tube in a steam engine: a pipe that conducts hot gasses from combustion to heat the boiler
2. a smokestack or chimney
3. a tobacco pipe with a metal stem (same as above; kiseru reading more common)

Synonyms

• (fire tube): ファイアチューブ (faia chūbu)
• (smokestack, chimney): 煙(えん)筒(とう) (entō), 煙(えん)突(とつ) (entotsu)

Further reading

• 蒸気機関車の構成要素 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja -- (fire tube): see #28 in the diagram
• Fire-tube boiler on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Suzuki, Tatsuya (November 1999) 喫煙伝来史の研究 (Kitsuen Denraishi no Kenkyū, “Research into the History of the Introduction of Smoking”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shibunkaku, →ISBN, retrieved 2013-06-06
4. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN