烝民

烝民

Chinese

		advance; many; steam	the people; nationality; citizen
simp. and trad. (烝民)		烝	民

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhēngmín

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹ man⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhēngmín
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ ㄇㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhengmín
    • Wade–Giles: chêng¹-min²
    • Yale: jēng-mín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jengmin
    • Palladius: чжэнминь (čžɛnminʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ min³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zing¹ man⁴
    • Yale: jīng màhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹ man⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: jing¹ men⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵ mɐn²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨŋ|t͡ɕɨŋ^H  miɪn/

Rime
Character	烝	烝	民
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	煑仍切	諸應切	彌鄰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋH/	/miɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋH/	/min/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieŋ/	/t͡ɕieŋH/	/mjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciŋ/	/ciŋH/	/min/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəŋ/	/t͡ɕiəŋH/	/miĕn/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəŋ/	/t͡ɕĭəŋH/	/mĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯əŋH/	/mi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng	zhèng	mín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing1	zing3	man4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋ  mi[ŋ]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋ|kljɯŋs  min/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烝	民
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng	mín
Middle Chinese	‹ tsying ›	‹ mjin ›
Old Chinese	/*təŋ/	/*mi[ŋ]/
English	to rise (of steam); steam (v.t.)	people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烝	烝	民
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
No.	1407	1412	9130
Phonetic component	丞	丞	民
Rime group	蒸	蒸	眞
Rime subdivision	0	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	蒸	證	民
Old Chinese	/*kljɯŋ/	/*kljɯŋs/	/*min/

Noun

烝民

1. (literary) the common people; the populace; the masses; the multitudes

   • 天生烝民、有物有則。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天生烝民、有物有则。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tiān shēng zhēngmín, yǒu wù yǒu zé. [Pinyin]

     Heaven, in giving birth to the multitudes of the people,
     To every faculty and relationship annexed its law.

Synonyms

edit

Synonyms of 烝民

一般人 (yībānrén) 世人 (shìrén) 人士 (rénshì) (literary) 人民 (rénmín) 人群 (rénqún) 人萌 (rénméng) (literary) 俗人 (súrén) 俗子 (súzǐ) (literary) 兆民 (zhàomín) (archaic) 凡人 (fánrén) 凡夫 (fánfū) (literary) 匹夫 (pǐfū) (literary) 士人 (shìrén) (archaic) 子民 (zǐmín) (historical) 家人 (jiārén) (archaic) 布衣 (bùyī) (historical) 常人 (chángrén) 平人 (píngrén) (literary) 平常人 (píngchángrén) 平民 (píngmín) 庶人 (shùrén) (literary) 庶民 (shùmín) (literary) 斯人 (sīrén) (Classical Chinese) 普通人 (pǔtōngrén) 民人 (mínrén) (literary)

白衣 (báiyī) (historical) 白衣人 (báiyīrén) (historical) 白身 (báishēn) (archaic) 白身人 (báishēnrén) (archaic) 百姓 (bǎixìng) 老百姓 (lǎobǎixìng) 良人 (liángrén) (literary) 草民 (cǎomín) (the worthless ordinary people) 草菅 (cǎojiān) (Classical Chinese, figurative) 草野 (cǎoyě) (literary, figurative) 萌 (méng) (literary) 野人 (yěrén) (archaic) 黎庶 (líshù) (literary) 黎民 (límín) (literary) 黎首 (líshǒu) (archaic) 黔首 (qiánshǒu) (archaic) 𫣆人 (Hakka) 世間人／世间人 (Min Nan) 公眾／公众 (gōngzhòng) 四眾人／四众人 (Teochew) 大眾／大众 (dàzhòng) 民眾／民众 (mínzhòng) 眾人／众人 (zhòngrén) (literary) 群眾／群众 (qúnzhòng) 萬姓／万姓 (wànxìng) (archaic)