烝

See also: 丞

烝	U+70DD, 烝 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70DD

← 烜
[U+70DC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

烞 →
[U+70DE]

Translingual

Han character

烝 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓水一火 (NEMF), four-corner 1733₁, composition ⿱丞灬)

References

KangXi: page 671, character 1

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19019

Dae Jaweon: page 1080, character 2

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 7

Unihan data for U+70DD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		烝
alternative forms		㷥𤇶𩟘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (丞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蒸	*kljɯŋ
烝	kljɯŋ, kljɯŋs
篜	*klɯŋ
脀	*kljɯŋ
拯	*kljɯŋʔ
氶	*kljɯŋʔ
承	*ɡljɯŋ
丞	ɡljɯŋ, ɡljɯŋs
巹	*klɯnʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kljɯŋ, *kljɯŋs) : phonetic 丞 (OC *ɡljɯŋ, *ɡljɯŋs, “to raise”) + semantic 灬 (“fire”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhēng (zheng¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zing¹
Min Dong (BUC): cĭng
Min Nan (POJ): cheng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jheng
  - Wade–Giles: chêng¹
  - Yale: jēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeng
  - Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zing¹
  - Yale: jīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzing¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: jing¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
  - Tâi-lô: tsing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨŋ/, /t͡ɕɨŋ^H/

Rime
Character	烝	烝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	蒸 (133)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	煑仍切	諸應切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨŋ/	/t͡ɕɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieŋ/	/t͡ɕieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciŋ/	/ciŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəŋ/	/t͡ɕiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəŋ/	/t͡ɕĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhēng	zhèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zing¹	zing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*təŋ/
(Zhengzhang): /*kljɯŋ/, /*kljɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烝
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsying ›
Old Chinese	/*təŋ/
English	to rise (of steam); steam (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烝	烝
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1407	1412
Phonetic component	丞	丞
Rime group	蒸	蒸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	蒸	證
Old Chinese	/*kljɯŋ/	/*kljɯŋs/

Definitions

烝

^† Original form of 蒸 (zhēng, “to steam”).
^† many; numerous
^† to offer (gifts, sacrifices, etc.)

Compounds

烝民 (zhēngmín)
烝烝

烝禋
烝黎

熏烝
烝嘗／烝尝

References

“烝”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B02384

Japanese

Kanji

烝

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

many
offer
dedicate
to steam

Readings

Go-on: しょう (shō)
Kan-on: しょう (shō)
Kan’yō-on: じょう (jō)
Kun: むす (musu, 烝す); もろもろ (moromoro)

Proper noun

烝(すすむ) • (Susumu)

a male given name

Korean

Hanja

烝 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

rise
steam
many, numerous

Vietnamese

Han character

烝: Hán Nôm readings: chưng

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