烏賊

See also: 乌贼

Chinese

	a crow; black; not a crow; black; not; empty; void	thief
trad. (烏賊)	烏	賊
simp. (乌贼)	乌	贼
alternative forms	烏鰂／乌鲗鰞鰂／鰞鲗鰞鱡烏鱡／乌鱡

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wūzéi
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄗㄟˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wu¹ caak⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): vu¹ zei¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wūzéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄗㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wuzéi
  - Wade–Giles: wu¹-tsei²
  - Yale: wū-dzéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: utzeir
  - Palladius: уцзэй (uczɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵ t͡seɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu¹ caak⁶
  - Yale: wū chaahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu¹ tsaak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu¹ cag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː⁵⁵ t͡sʰaːk̚²/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: vu¹ zei¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /vu¹¹ t͡sei¹¹/

Middle Chinese: /ʔuo d͡zək̚/

Rime
Character	烏	賊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	哀都切	昨則切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuo/	/d͡zək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuo/	/d͡zək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔo/	/d͡zək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɔ/	/d͡zək̚/
Li Rong	/ʔo/	/d͡zək̚/
Wang Li	/u/	/d͡zək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔuo/	/d͡zʱək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wū	zé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu¹	zak⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]ˤa|qˤa|ʔˤa k.dzˤək/
(Zhengzhang): /*qaː zɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	烏	烏	烏	賊
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wū	wū	wū	zéi
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔu ›	‹ ʔu ›	‹ ʔu ›	‹ dzok ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]ˁa/	/*qˁa/	/*ʔˁa/	/*k.dzˁək/
English	oh!	crow, raven; black	烏桓, 烏丸 Wūhuán: Avars (W. Hàn)	injure; murderer, bandit
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	烏	賊
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13077	16596
Phonetic component	烏	則
Rime group	魚	職
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	烏	賊
Old Chinese	/*qaː/	/*zɯːɡ/

Noun

烏賊

cuttlefish (Classifier: 隻／只)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 烏賊 (“cuttlefish”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		烏賊, 墨魚, 墨斗魚
Mandarin	Beijing	墨斗兒魚
	Taiwan	烏賊, 花枝, 墨魚
	Langfang	墨斗兒魚
	Tangshan	墨斗兒
	Cangzhou	墨斗兒魚
	Baoding	墨斗兒魚
	Shijiazhuang	墨斗兒魚
	Daming	墨斗兒魚
	Harbin	烏魚, 墨斗子
	Yantai (Muping)	蛸
	Jinan	烏賊魚, 烏賊
	Lanzhou	烏賊
	Xining	墨魚
	Ürümqi	墨魚
	Wuhan	墨魚
	Guiyang	墨魚
	Liuzhou	墨魚
	Xuzhou	烏賊, 墨魚
	Yangzhou	烏賊魚
	Nanjing	烏賊魚, 烏賊
	Singapore	墨魚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	墨魚
	Hong Kong	墨魚
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	墨魚
	Macau	墨魚
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	墨魚
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	墨魚
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	墨魚
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	墨魚
	Foshan	墨魚
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	墨魚
	Foshan (Shunde)	墨魚
	Foshan (Sanshui)	墨魚
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	墨魚
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	墨魚
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	墨魚
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	墨魚
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	墨魚
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	墨魚
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	墨魚
	Taishan	墨魚
	Kaiping (Chikan)	墨魚
	Enping (Niujiang)	墨魚
	Heshan (Yayao)	墨魚
	Dongguan	墨魚
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	墨魚
Gan	Nanchang	墨魚
	Lichuan	墨魚, 木殼
	Pingxiang	墨魚
Hakka	Meixian	墨魚
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	墨魚
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	墨魚
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	墨魚
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	墨魚, 墨斗仔
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	墨魚
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	墨魚
	Conghua (Lütian)	墨魚
	Yudu	墨魚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	墨斗魚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	墨斗魚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	墨斗魚, 墨斗
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	墨斗魚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	墨斗魚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	墨斗魚
	Singkawang	墨斗
Jin	Taiyuan	烏賊魚, 烏賊
	Zhangjiakou	烏賊
	Handan	烏賊
Min Bei	Jian'ou	墨魚仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	墨魚
Min Nan	Xiamen	墨賊
	Quanzhou	墨賊
	Zhangzhou	墨賊
	Taipei	墨賊
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	墨賊仔
	Kaohsiung	墨賊仔
	Yilan	墨賊
	Changhua (Lukang)	墨賊
	Taichung	墨賊仔
	Tainan	墨賊, 墨賊仔, 花枝
	Hsinchu	墨賊仔
	Kinmen	墨賊
	Penghu (Magong)	墨賊
	Singapore (Hokkien)	墨賊, 墨斗, 花枝
	Manila (Hokkien)	墨賊, 花枝
	Shantou	墨斗
	Shantou (Chenghai)	墨斗
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	墨斗
	Nan'ao (Yun'ao)	墨賊
	Jieyang	墨斗
	Haikou	墨賊
Min Zhong	Yong'an	墨魚
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	墨魚
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	墨魚
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	墨魚
Wu	Shanghai	烏賊魚
	Shanghai (Chongming)	烏賊
	Suzhou	烏賊魚
	Danyang	烏賊魚
	Hangzhou	烏賊魚, 烏賊
	Ningbo	烏賊
	Wenzhou	烏賊
Xiang	Changsha	墨斗魚

Derived terms

烏賊車／乌贼车

烏賊魚／乌贼鱼 (wūzéiyú)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
烏	賊
いか
Jinmeiyō	Grade: S
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
鰞 (rare) 魷 (rare) 鰂 (rare) 柔魚 (rare) 墨魚 (rare)

Etymology

From Old Japanese. First cited to the 播磨風土記 (Satsuma Fudoki) of 715.[1]

Ultimate derivation uncertain. Derivations from within Japanese include:

Related to 厳めしい (ikameshii, “imposing; offputting”)
Related to 怒る (ikaru, “to move in a rough or wild fashion”)

Outside of Japanese, compare also Hawaiian iʻa, Maori ika (“fish, marine animal in general”), in turn ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan (“fish”).

The kanji is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 烏賊 (literally “crow + murderer / thief”). According to the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of 938, the spelling was chosen for the way that certain squid would feign death and float motionless on the surface near shore, and when a crow would come to pick up the "dead" squid, the squid would instead grab the crow and drag it underwater.[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いか [ìká] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [ika̠]

Noun

烏賊(いか) • (ika)

[from 715] a squid (sea animal), a cuttlefish

Derived terms

障泥烏賊(あおりいか) (aoriika)
凧(いか) (ika), 紙鳶(いか) (ika, “kite”)
烏賊刺(いかさ)し (ikasashi)
烏賊墨(いかすみ) (ikasumi)
烏賊素麺(いかそうめん) (ikasōmen)
烏賊釣(いかつ)り (ikatsuri)
烏賊徳利(いかどっくり) (ikadokkuri)
烏賊(いか)の甲(こう) (ika no kō)
烏賊(いか)の墨(すみ) (ika no sumi)
凧(いかのぼり) (ikanobori), 紙鳶(いかのぼり) (ikanobori, “kite”)
卯(う)の花烏賊(はないか) (unohanaika)
雷烏賊(かみなりいか) (kaminariika)
剣先烏賊(けんさきいか) (kensakiika)
甲烏賊(こういか) (kōika)
桜烏賊(さくらいか) (sakuraika)
尻焼烏賊(しりやけいか) (shiriyakeika)
陣胴烏賊(じんどういか) (jindōika)
墨烏賊(すみいか) (sumiika)
鯣烏賊(するめいか) (surumeika)
大王烏賊(だいおういか) (daiōika, “giant squid”)
蛸烏賊(たこいか) (takoika)
団子烏賊(だんごいか) (dangoika)
鳶烏賊(とびいか) (tobiika)
伸(の)し烏賊(いか) (noshiika), 熨斗烏賊(のしいか) (noshiika)
花烏賊(はないか) (hanaika)
針烏賊(はりいか) (hariika)
蛍烏賊(ほたるいか) (hotaruika)
真烏賊(まいか) (maika)
松烏賊(まついか) (matsuika)
松笠烏賊(まつかさいか) (matsukasaika)
水烏賊(みずいか) (mizuika)
耳烏賊(みみいか) (mimiika)
紋甲烏賊(もんごういか) (mongōika)
槍烏賊(やりいか) (yariika)
幽霊烏賊(ゆうれいいか) (yūreiika)

References

“烏賊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[KDJ2-1] “烏賊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-3] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN