灘

灘

See also: 滩

灘 U+7058, 灘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7058 ← 灗 [U+7057] CJK Unified Ideographs 灙 → [U+7059]

Translingual

Han character

灘 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+19, 22 strokes, cangjie input 水廿人土 (ETOG), four-corner 3011₄, composition ⿰氵難)

References

• KangXi: page 663, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18784
• Dae Jaweon: page 1072, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1794, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7058

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Chinese

trad.		灘
simp.		滩
alternative forms		潬／𬈁 ancient

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 灘
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難／难 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tān (tan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan¹
• Min Dong (BUC): tăng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): thoaⁿ / than

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tuan¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tān
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tan
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan¹
    • Yale: tān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tan
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: taan¹
    • Yale: tāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: tăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thoaⁿ / than
    • Tâi-lô: thuann / than
    • Phofsit Daibuun: tvoaf, tafn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã³³/, /tʰan³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰuã⁴⁴/, /tʰan⁴⁴/

Note:

• thoaⁿ - vernacular;
• than - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tuan¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thuaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰũã³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tʰɑn/, /hɑn^X/, /nɑn^H/

Rime
Character	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	他干切	呼旱切	奴案切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn/	/hɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan/	/hanX/	/nanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn/	/xɑnX/	/nɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tān	hǎn	nàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan1	hon2	naan6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn/, /*naːns/, /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/ (E dialect: *n̥ˁ- > MC th-)
English	foreshore
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灘	灘	灘	灘
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
No.	4891	4901	4902	4908
Phonetic component	暵	暵	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	灘	攤	䍐	漢
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːn/	/*naːns/	/*hnaːnʔ/	/*hnaːns/
Notes				原隹作鳥據旱韻又音校改

Definitions

灘

1. shoal
2. beach
3. Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool, puddle

Synonyms

• (Sichuanese) 𣲩 (pá)

Compounds

一灘／一滩 上海灘／上海滩 (Shànghǎitān) 回灘／回滩 廟灘／庙滩 (Miàotān) 打地灘兒／打地滩儿 打灘／打滩 搶灘／抢滩 (qiǎngtān) 新灘／新滩 (Xīntān) 方灘／方滩 (Fāngtān) 暗灘／暗滩 (àntān) 李灘／李滩 (Lǐtān) 杭州灘簧／杭州滩簧 沙灘／沙滩 (shātān) 河漫灘／河漫滩 (hémàntān)

河灘／河滩 (hétān) 海灘／海滩 (hǎitān) 海灘排球／海滩排球 (hǎitān páiqiú) 涒灘／涒滩 淺灘／浅滩 (qiǎntān) 灘子／滩子 灘師／滩师 灘戶／滩户 灘簧／滩簧 (tānhuáng) 灘線／滩线 灘羊／滩羊 灘船／滩船 灘頭／滩头 (tāntóu)

灘黃／滩黄 熊灘／熊滩 (Xióngtān) 王灘／王滩 (Wángtān) 白水灘／白水滩 皇恐灘／皇恐滩 石灘／石滩 (shítān) 紅柳灘／红柳滩 (Hóngliǔtān) 金沙灘／金沙滩 長灘／长滩 (Chángtān) 險灘／险滩 (xiǎntān) 鹽灘／盐滩 黃灘／黄滩 (Huángtān) 龍困淺灘／龙困浅滩

References

• “Entry #13246”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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Japanese

Kanji

灘

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• Kan’yō-on: だん (dan)
• Kun: なだ (nada, 灘); せ (se)
• Nanori: だな (dana); なん (nan)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
灘
なだ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) な​だ [náꜜdà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
• IPA^(key): [na̠da̠]

Noun

灘(なだ) • (nada) 

1. area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea

   玄界(げんかい)灘(なだ)

   Genkai Nada

   Genkai Sea

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 灘 (MC tʰɑn). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄 (than) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))

1. Hanja form^? of 탄 (“shoal”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 한탄강 (漢灘江, Hantan'gang, “Hantan River”)
• 신탄진 (新灘津, Sintanjin, “Sintanjin-dong”)
• 광탄천 (鑛灘川, Gwangtancheon)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

灘: Hán Nôm readings: than

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.