潰

See also: 溃

潰	U+6F70, 潰 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F70

← 潯
[U+6F6F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

潱 →
[U+6F71]

Translingual

Han character

潰 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水中一金 (ELMC), four-corner 3518₆, composition ⿰氵貴)

References

KangXi: page 650, character 23

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18281

Dae Jaweon: page 1061, character 4

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1741, character 2

Unihan data for U+6F70

Chinese

trad.		潰
simp.		溃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (貴) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
藬	*l'uːl
僓	l̥ʰuːlʔ, ɡluːds
頹	*l'uːl
穨	*l'uːl
蘈	*l'uːl
隤	*l'uːl
墤	l'uːl, kʰruːds
尵	l'uːl, r'uːl
蹪	*l'uːl
瀢	l'uːlʔ, lulʔ
鞼	kluːl, ɡruls
膭	kluːl, ɡluːls
憒	*kluːds
靧	*ɡluːds
潰	*ɡluːls
繢	*ɡluːds
嬇	ɡluːds, kʰruːds
殨	*ɡluːds
闠	*ɡluːds
簣	kʰruːds, ɡruds
嘳	kʰruːds, kʰruds
蕢	kʰruːds, ɡruds
聵	*ŋɡruːds
樻	kʰruds, ɡruds
䙡	kʰruds, kʰluds
匱	*ɡruds
臾	ɡruds, lo
饋	*ɡruls
櫃	*ɡruds
遺	lul, luls
壝	lul, lulʔ
瞶	luls, kluls
貴	*kluds

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡluːls) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 貴／贵 (OC *kluds).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kuì, huì (kui⁴, hui⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄟˋ, ㄏㄨㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kui²
Min Nan (POJ): khùi / hōe
Wu (Wiktionary): gue (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kuì
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kuèi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻuei⁴
  - Yale: kwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuey
  - Palladius: куй (kuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰweɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huì
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
  - Wade–Giles: hui⁴
  - Yale: hwèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
  - Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xweɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: kui²
  - Yale: kúi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kui²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kui²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuːi̯³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khùi
  - Tâi-lô: khuì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: quix
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰui⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰui²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰui¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hōe
  - Tâi-lô: huē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoe
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hue²²/

Note:

khùi - vernacular (俗);
hōe - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: gue (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡ̊ɯe̞²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuʌi^H/

Rime
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡對切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuoi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəj^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/ɣuɒi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wui⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡʷ]ˤ[ə]j-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡluːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuì
Middle Chinese	‹ hwoj^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡʷ]ˁ[ə]j-s/
English	break through an embankment (of water)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	潰
Reading #	1/1
No.	4716
Phonetic component	貴
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	潰
Old Chinese	/*ɡluːls/

Definitions

潰

(of a dike or dam) to break; to burst; to overflow
to break through an encirclement
to be utterly defeated; to be routed
to decompose; to be destroyed
to fester; to ulcerate

Compounds

一觸即潰／一触即溃 (yīchùjíkuì)
不戰而潰／不战而溃
奔潰／奔溃 (bēnkuì)
崩潰／崩溃 (bēngkuì)
擊潰／击溃 (jīkuì)
望風而潰／望风而溃
決癰潰疽／决痈溃疽
潰不成軍／溃不成军 (kuìbùchéngjūn)
潰亂／溃乱 (kuìluàn)

潰圍／溃围
潰敗／溃败 (kuìbài)
潰散／溃散 (kuìsàn)
潰決／溃决 (kuìjué)
潰滅／溃灭 (kuìmiè)
潰潰／溃溃
潰爛／溃烂 (kuìlàn)
潰瘍／溃疡 (kuìyáng)
潰癰／溃痈 (kuìyōng)

潰盟／溃盟
潰逃／溃逃 (kuìtáo)
群蟻潰堤／群蚁溃堤
胃潰瘍／胃溃疡 (wèikuìyáng)
蟻潰／蚁溃
隄潰蟻孔／堤溃蚁孔
魚潰鳥散／鱼溃鸟散
鳥散魚潰／鸟散鱼溃
鳥驚魚潰／鸟惊鱼溃

Japanese

Kanji

潰

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

burst
break
break down

Readings

Go-on: え (e)^{←ゑ (we, historical)}
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
Kun: つぶす (tsubusu, 潰す, Jōyō); つぶれる (tsubureru, 潰れる, Jōyō); ついえる (tsuieru, 潰える)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
潰
かい Grade: S
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 潰 (MC ɦuʌi^H).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

潰(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)^?}

to crush; to smash

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 潰 is mostly replaced by 壊, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 潰 replaced by daiyōji 壊

壊滅

決壊

倒壊

崩壊

Derived terms

Not replaced by 壊 in modern orthography

潰(かい)瘍(よう) (kaiyō, “ulcer”)

Replaced by 壊 in modern orthography

潰(かい)走(そう) (kaisō)
潰(かい)崩(ほう) (kaihō)
潰(かい)滅(めつ) (kaimetsu)
潰(かい)乱(らん) (kairan)
圧(あっ)潰(かい) (akkai)
決(けっ)潰(かい) (kekkai)
全(ぜん)潰(かい) (zenkai)
倒(とう)潰(かい) (tōkai)
崩(ほう)潰(かい) (hōkai)

Korean

Hanja

潰 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

潰: Hán Nôm readings: hói, hòi, hội

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.