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单词
释义

U+6F6E, 潮
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F6E

[U+6F6D]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6F6F]

潮 U+2F90F, 潮
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F90F
淹
[U+2F90E]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement𣽞
[U+2F910]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

(Kangxi radical 85, +12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水十十月 (EJJB), four-corner 37120, composition氵朝)

References

  • KangXi: page 650, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18277
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1737, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+6F6E
  • Unihan data for U+2F90F

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *r'ew) : semantic (water) + phonetic (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew).

Etymology

"Rising tide in the daytime" > "tide" (in general).

Derived from (OC *ʔr'ew, *r'ew, “morning”). Compare (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening tide; ebb”) < (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cháo (chao2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ciu4
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhèu
  • Min Dong (BUC): dièu
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): tiô / tiâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dio5 / diê5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): zau (T3)

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cháo
      • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cháo
      • Wade–Giles: chʻao2
      • Yale: cháu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaur
      • Palladius: чао (čao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ciu4
      • Yale: chìuh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsiu4
      • Guangdong Romanization: qiu4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːu̯²¹/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhèu
      • Hakka Romanization System: ceuˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ceu2
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯¹¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: dièu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tieu⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiô
      • Tâi-lô: tiô
      • Phofsit Daibuun: diooi
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tio¹³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɤ²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tio²⁴/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu
      • Tâi-lô: tiâu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: diaau
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiau²³/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /tiau²⁴/
Note:
  • tiô - vernacular;
  • tiâu - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: dio5 / diê5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiô / tiê
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tio⁵⁵/, /tie⁵⁵/
Note:
  • dio5 - Shantou;
  • diê5 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: zau (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /z̥ɔ²³/

  • Middle Chinese: /ɖˠiᴇu/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (11)
Final () (92)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie直遙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖˠiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖᵚiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡiæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖiaw/
Li
Rong
/ȡjɛu/
Wang
Li
/ȡĭɛu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cháo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ciu4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N]-t<r>aw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*r'ew/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cháo
Middle
Chinese
‹ drjew ›
Old
Chinese
/*[N]-t<r>aw/
Englishmorning tide

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.1308
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
𪓙
Old
Chinese
/*r'ew/

Definitions

  1. rising tide
  2. tide
       zhàngcháo   (of tide) to rise
       cháocháoluò   ebb and flow
  3. wave
       cháo   zeitgeist
    移民   yímín cháo   wave of mass migration
  4. damp; moist; humid
       shòucháo   to be made moist; to become damp
    地面很   dìmiàn hěn cháo   the floor is damp
    天氣又熱又天气又热又   tiānqì yòu rè yòu cháo   the weather is hot and humid
  5. (dialectal) wet
  6. Short for 潮州 (Cháozhōu, “Chaozhou”).
       cháoyīn   Teochew pronunciation
  7. trendy; popular
    See also: 潮流
    [Cantonese]   ciu4 jyu5 [Jyutping]   trendy words; new slang
  8. (colloquial, of quality or technique) poor; inferior; substandard; low-grade

Synonyms

  • (tide): 潮汐 (cháoxī)
  • (damp):
edit
  • (rùn) (literary, or in compounds)
  • 潮濕潮湿 (cháoshī)
  • 澹濕澹湿 (Min Nan)
  • 濕嘰嘰湿叽叽 (Sichuan)
  • 濕潤湿润 (shīrùn)
  • 濡濕濡湿 (rúshī)
  • (wet):
  • (trendy):
edit
  • 摩登 (módēng) (Cantonese, Gan, Wu)
  • 新潮 (xīncháo)
  • 作興作兴 (Min Bei)
  • 入時入时 (rùshí)
  • 時尚时尚 (shíshàng)
  • 時興时兴 (shíxīng)
  • 時髦时髦 (shímáo)
  • (poor):
edit

Compounds


Japanese

Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

潮
&#x2F90F;
or
+&#xFE00;?
󠄀
+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 潮)

  1. tide
  2. saltwater
  3. opportunity

Readings

  • Go-on: じょう ()でう (deu, historical)
  • Kan-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)てう (teu, historical)
  • Kun: しお (shio, , Jōyō)しほ (sifo, historical); あさしお (asashio, )あさしほ (asasifo, historical); うしお (ushio, )うしほ (usifo, historical)
  • Nanori: いた (ita); うしお (ushio); しお (shio); しおい (shioi); しおり (shiori)

Usage notes

  • Both and have the kun-readings of shio and ushio. Archaically, tides in the morning were called 朝潮 (asashio), the term for tides at nighttime was 夕汐 (yūshio). For tides at any time of day, 潮汐 (chōseki) may be used.

Compounds

Alternative forms

  • (for tides in the evening):

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
しお
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/usipo/ → */isipo//sipo//ɕifo//ɕiwo//ɕio/

A shift from or a shortening of Old Japanese ushio (see below).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) [shìóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2]
    • IPA(key): [ɕio̞]

Noun

(しお) (shio) しほ (sifo)?

  1. a (morning) tide
    • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4045)[3], text here
      於伎敝欲里(おきへより)美知久流(みちくる)之保(しほ)()伊也麻之尓(いやましに)安我毛布支見我(あがもふきみが)弥不根可母加礼(みふねかもかれ) [Man'yōgana]
      (おき)()より()()(しほ)のいや()しに()()(きみ)()(ふね)かもかれ [Modern spelling]
      okibe yori michikuru shio no iyamashi ni aga 'mou kimi ga mifune ka mo kare
      My lord[,] for whom I long more and more like the tide coming up from the offing, could that there be your boat?[4]
  2. seawater
  3. a (usually favorable) chance or opportunity
    Synonym: 潮時 (shiodoki)
  4. charm, attractiveness
    Synonym: 愛嬌 (aikyō)
  5. (historical) in the Edo period, name of a courtesan rank in the Shinmachi district of Osaka, next to the 鹿恋 (kakoi).
Derived terms

Proper noun

(しお) (Shio) しほ (sifo)?

  1. a surname
  2. a female given name

(しほ) (Shiho) 

  1. a surname
  2. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
うしお
Grade: 6
kun’yomi

/usipo//usipo//uɕifo//uɕiwo//uɕio/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) しお [ùshíó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝɕio̞]

Noun

(うしお) (ushio) うしほ (usifo)?

  1. a (morning) tide
  2. seawater
  3. a tidal current
    Synonym: 潮流 (chōryū)
  4. Short for 潮汁 (ushiojiru): a thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
Derived terms

Proper noun

(うしお) (Ushio) うしほ (usifo)?

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
  3. a female given name

References

  1. 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1331 (paper), page 716 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Satake, Akihiro; Hideo Yamada; Rikio Kudō; Masao Ōtani; Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
  4. Jan Lodewijk Pierson, Jr. (1963) The Manyôśû Translated and Annotated Book XVIII, Brill Archive, page 14

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese (MC ɖˠiᴇu).

Recorded as Middle Korean 뚀ᇢ (Yale: ttyow) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Recorded as Middle Korean (tyo) (Yale: tyo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource (eumhun 밀물 조 (milmul jo))

  1. Hanja form? of (tide).

Compounds

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: triều, trào, xèo, rều

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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