滑

See also: 磆

滑	U+6ED1, 滑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6ED1

← 滐
[U+6ED0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

滒 →
[U+6ED2]

滑	U+F904, 滑 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F904

← 賈
[U+F903]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

串 →
[U+F905]

Translingual

Han character

滑 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水月月月 (EBBB), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵骨)

Derived characters

𠿭, 𪆸, 𫾈

References

KangXi: page 643, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18032
Dae Jaweon: page 1050, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1678, character 4
Unihan data for U+6ED1
Unihan data for U+F904

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (骨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
顝	kʰuːl, kʰuːlʔ, *kʰuːd
滑	ɡruːd, kuːd, *ɡuːd
猾	*ɡruːd
磆	*ɡruːd
螖	*ɡruːd
鶻	ɡruːd, kuːd, *ɡuːd
嗗	*qruːd
骨	*kuːd
縎	*kuːd
愲	*kuːd
蓇	*kuːd
尳	kuːd, ɡuːd
榾	*kuːd
搰	*ɡuːd
核	ɡuːd, ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡruːd, *kuːd, *ɡuːd) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 骨 (OC *kuːd).

Etymology 1

trad.		滑
simp. ^#		滑

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): huá (hua²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚˊ
(Chengdu, SP): hua²
Cantonese (Jyutping): waat⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): va̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): vad⁶
Min Bei (KCR): gò / huà
Min Dong (BUC): gŏk / huăk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ku̍t / hoa̍t
(Teochew, Peng'im): gug⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): hhuaq (T5)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huá
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huá
  - Wade–Giles: hua²
  - Yale: hwá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwa
  - Palladius: хуа (xua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hua²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xua²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: waat⁶
  - Yale: waaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wad⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːt̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: va̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: vad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /vat̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: vad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ʋat̚⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gò / huà
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko⁴²/, /xua⁴²/

Note:

gò - vernacular;
huà - literary.

Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gŏk / huăk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouʔ⁵/, /huaʔ⁵/

Note:

gŏk - vernacular;
huăk - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ku̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kut
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t
  - Tâi-lô: hua̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoat
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/

Note:

ku̍t - vernacular;
hoa̍t - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gug⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ku̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuk̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhuaq (T5)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯa̱ʔ¹²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 滑
Mandarin	Beijing	/xua³⁵/
	Harbin	/xua²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuɑ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xua⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xua⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xua⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xua²⁴/
	Xining	/xua²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xua⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xua⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xua⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xua²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xua³¹/
	Guiyang	/xua²¹/
	Kunming	/xua̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/xuɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/xuɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuaʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao	/xuʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/xuaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦuaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ɦuaʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦuɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ɦo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/xuaʔ²¹/ /uaʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/uːə⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/fa²⁴/ /ua⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uɒ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/uaʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/vat̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/vɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wat̚²/
	Nanning	/wɛt̚²²/ /wat̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/wat̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/huat̚⁵/ /kut̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kouʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ko⁴²/ /xua²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kuk̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kut̚³/ /kut̚⁵/ ～稽

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠuat̚/

Rime
Character	滑
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	山 (72)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸八切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuat̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚat̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨt̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuat̚/
Wang Li	/ɣwat̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwăt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Nə-ɡˤrut/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡruːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	滑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huá
Middle Chinese	‹ hwɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*Nə-ɡˁrut/
English	slippery
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滑
Reading #	1/3
No.	4315
Phonetic component	骨
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	滑
Old Chinese	/*ɡruːd/

Definitions

滑

to slip; to slide
to get away without punishment
to swipe (on an electronic product)
滑手機／滑手机 ― huá shǒujī ― to play on one's phone
smooth; glossy
slippery; slick
cunning; crafty; sly
a surname: Hua

Synonyms

(to slip): (Cantonese) 𨃩 (sin3)
(smooth):

edit

光溜 (guāngliu) (colloquial)
光滑 (guānghuá)
平滑 (pínghuá)

溜 (liū) (literary, or in compounds)
滑溜溜 (huáliūliū) (ideophonic)
滑潤／滑润 (huárùn)

細膩／细腻 (xìnì)
𨤡／𬪺 (guàng) (Sichuanese)

(slippery): (Cantonese) 𨃩 (sin3)
(cunning):

edit

Synonyms of 滑

世故 (shìgù)
刁 (diāo) (literary, or in compounds)
刁滑 (diāohuá)
即世 (jíshì) (literary)
油滑 (yóuhuá)
狡怪 (káu-koài) (Min Nan)
狡猾 (jiǎohuá)
狡鬼 (Min Nan)
狡黠 (jiǎoxiá) (literary)
奸宄 (jiānguǐ) (Min Nan)

奸巧 (Min Nan)
奸猾 (jiānhuá)
刁鑽／刁钻 (diāozuān)
刁頑／刁顽 (diāowán) (literary, cunning and stubborn)
圓泛／圆泛 (Xiang)
圓滑／圆滑 (yuánhuá)
圞泛／𪢮泛 (Xiang)
奸險／奸险 (jiānxiǎn)
姦刁／奸刁 (Wu)

姦詐／奸诈 (jiānzhà)
滑頭／滑头 (huátóu)
狡獪／狡狯 (jiǎokuài) (literary)
狡詐／狡诈 (jiǎozhà)
詭詐／诡诈 (guǐzhà)
調皮／调皮 (tiáopí)
陰濕 (Cantonese)
陰險／阴险 (yīnxiǎn)
頑惡／顽恶 (wánwù) (literary)

Compounds

Derived terms from 滑

下滑 (xiàhuá)
乖滑
光滑 (guānghuá)
刁滑 (diāohuá)
口滑
地滑 (dìhuá)
峻滑
平滑 (pínghuá)
平滑肌 (pínghuájī)
手滑 (shǒuhuá)
手滑心慈
打滑 (dǎhuá)
把滑
拿滑
油光水滑
油嘴滑舌
油滑 (yóuhuá)
浮滑 (fúhuá)
清光滑辣 (qīngguānghuálà)
溜滑
溜滑板
滑冰 (huábīng)
滑出
滑唱
滑喇
滑坡 (huápō)
滑奏 (huázòu)
滑扢虀
滑擦
滑板 (huábǎn)
滑梯 (huátī)
滑水 (huáshuǐ)
滑流水

滑液 (huáyè)
滑湣
滑溜 (huáliu)
滑熟
滑石 (huáshí)
滑石粉 (huáshífěn)
滑碌碌
滑竿
滑翔 (huáxiáng)
滑翔翼
滑航
滑航艇
滑草
滑落 (huáluò)
滑行 (huáxíng)
滑行道 (huáxíngdào)
滑辣
滑雪 (huáxuě)
滑雪板 (huáxuěbǎn)
滑雪衫
滑音 (huáyīn)
滑鼠 (huáshǔ)
熟滑
耍滑 (shuǎhuá)
花式滑冰
奸滑
側滑／侧滑
動滑輪／动滑轮
圓滑／圆滑 (yuánhuá)
定滑輪／定滑轮
小滑頭／小滑头
差動滑車／差动滑车
油腔滑調／油腔滑调 (yóuqiānghuádiào)

油裡滑／油里滑
油頭滑腦／油头滑脑
油頭滑臉／油头滑脸
滑不嘰溜／滑不叽溜
滑劑／滑剂
滑動／滑动 (huádòng)
滑動關節／滑动关节
滑動面／滑动面
滑壘／滑垒
滑家壋／滑家垱 (Huájiādàng)
滑板車／滑板车 (huábǎnchē)
滑板運動／滑板运动
滑潤／滑润 (huárùn)
滑翔機／滑翔机 (huáxiángjī)
滑膩／滑腻 (huánì)
滑藉／滑借
滑行車／滑行车
滑車／滑车 (huáchē)
滑輪／滑轮 (huálún)
滑鐵盧／滑铁卢 (Huátiělú)
滑頭／滑头 (huátóu)
滑頭滑腦／滑头滑脑
潤滑／润滑 (rùnhuá)
潤滑劑／润滑剂 (rùnhuájì)
潤滑油／润滑油 (rùnhuáyóu)
濕滑／湿滑 (shīhuá)
無線滑鼠／无线滑鼠
老滑頭／老滑头
脫滑／脱滑
膩滑／腻滑
鈹滑／铍滑
險滑／险滑
頡滑／颉滑

Etymology 2

trad.		滑
simp. ^#		滑
alternative forms		汩 to disturb 抇 to disturb 淈 to disturb

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)
(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwat¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): va̍t
Min Nan (POJ): ku̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
  - Wade–Giles: ku³
  - Yale: gǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
  - Palladius: гу (gu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwat¹
  - Yale: gwāt
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwat⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gued¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɐt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: va̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: vad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: vad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /vat̚⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ku̍t
  - Tâi-lô: ku̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kut̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kut̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /kuət̚/, /ɦuət̚/

Rime
Character	滑	滑
Reading #	1/3	2/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	魂 (56)	魂 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	古忽切	戸骨切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuət̚/	/ɦuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuot̚/	/ɦuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuət̚/	/ɣuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwət̚/	/ɦwət̚/
Li Rong	/kuət̚/	/ɣuət̚/
Wang Li	/kuət̚/	/ɣuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuət̚/	/ɣuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwat¹	wat⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kuːd/, /*ɡuːd/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	滑	滑
Reading #	2/3	3/3
No.	4324	4333
Phonetic component	骨	骨
Rime group	物	物
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	骨	搰
Old Chinese	/*kuːd/	/*ɡuːd/

Definitions

滑

^† to disturb; to unsettle; to agitate
^† to treat; to regulate
- 繕性於俗學，以求復其初，滑欲於俗思，以求致其明，謂之蔽蒙之民。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  缮性于俗学，以求复其初，滑欲于俗思，以求致其明，谓之蔽蒙之民。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shàn xìng yú súxué, yǐ qiú fù qí chū, gǔ yù yú súsī, yǐ qiú zhì qí míng, wèi zhī bìméng zhī mín. [Pinyin]
  Those who would correct their nature by means of the vulgar learning, seeking to restore it to its original condition, and those who would regulate their desires, by the vulgar ways of thinking, seeking thereby to carry their intelligence to perfection, must be pronounced to be deluded and ignorant people.
^† to muddy
Used in 滑稽 (gǔjī).

Compounds

滑天下之大稽 (huá tiānxià zhī dàjī)
滑滑

滑稽 (gǔjī)
禽滑釐

滑稽劇／滑稽剧

Japanese

Kanji

滑

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

slippery
slide
slip
flunk

Readings

Go-on: げち (gechi); こち (kochi)
Kan-on: かつ (katsu, Jōyō); こつ (kotsu, Jōyō)
Kun: なめらか (nameraka, 滑らか, Jōyō); すべる (suberu, 滑る, Jōyō)
Nanori: かり (kari); なめり (nameri)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
滑
なめ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) なめ [nàméꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1]
IPA^(key): [na̠me̞]

Noun

滑(なめ) • (name)

in mountaineering, the place where a little water is running on a smooth rock
smooth thing, slippery thing

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 滑 (MC ɦˠuat̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅘᅪᇙ〮 (Yale: hhwálq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 활 (hwal)^訓 (Yale: hwal) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸwa̠ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [활]

Hanja

Wikisource滑 (eumhun 미끄러울 활 (mikkeureoul hwal))

Hanja form^? of 활 (“slippery”).

Compounds

평활 (平滑, pyeonghwal)
원활 (圓滑, wonhwal, “smooth, trouble free”)
활강 (滑降, hwalgang, “downhill”)
활공 (滑空, hwalgong, “gliding”)
활주 (滑走, hwalju, “gliding, sliding”)
활공기 (滑空機, hwalgonggi)
활주로 (滑走路, hwaljuro, “runway”)
윤활유 (潤滑油, yunhwaryu, “lubricating oil”)
윤활제 (潤滑劑, yunhwalje, “lubricant”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 滑 (MC kuət̚).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 고ᇙ〮 (Yale: kwólq) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [골]

Hanja

滑 (eumhun 익살스러울 골 (iksalseureoul gol))

Hanja form^? of 골 (“comical”).

Compounds

골계 (滑稽, golgye, “humorousness, jocosity, waggery”)
골계전 (滑稽傳, golgyejeon)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

滑: Hán Nôm readings: gột, cốt, hoạt

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[DJR-1] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN