滅
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Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
Japan (Swap strokes 5 and 4 for Chinese; additionally, swap strokes 13 and 12 for Taiwan.) | |||
Han character
滅 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 水戈竹火 (EIHF), four-corner 33150, composition ⿰氵烕)
References
- KangXi: page 642, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18008
- Dae Jaweon: page 1049, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1696, character 9
- Unihan data for U+6EC5
Chinese
| trad. | 滅 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 灭 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 滅 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |  |  |
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 滅 | *med |
| 搣 | *med |
| 烕 | *hmed |
| 戌 | *smid |
| 珬 | *smid |
| 銊 | *smid |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *med) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 烕 (OC *hmed) – to destroy with water (extinguish, flood).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-miːt (“to extinguish; to shut abruptly; to wink; to blink; to die”). Matisoff compares Burmese မှိတ် (hmit, “(of eyes) to close; (of light) to put out, to switch off”) and possibly Tibetan མེད (med, “to not exist”). Cognate Chinese characters include:
- 烕 (OC *hmed, “to destroy; to cause destruction”)
- 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd, “to destroy”)
The Old Chinese *e ~ Proto-Tibeto-Burman *i vowel discrepancy may be explained by a reanalysis of the proto-etymon in Chinese, as derived from 隳 (OC *hmai, “to destroy”) + suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2009), although 隳 is reconstructed in the Baxter-Sagart and Zhengzhang systems as having an *l-like initial. The direct Chinese comparandum of Proto-Tibeto-Burman *mit may be 沒 (OC *mɯːd, “to disappear; to die; to perish in water”) (ibid.).
Pronunciation
Definitions
滅
- to obliterate; to wipe out; to eradicate; to conquer
- to be destroyed; to perish; to die
- to disappear; to vanish
- to extinguish (a fire); (of light or fire) to go out
- to turn off (light, lamp, etc.)
- to alter (handwriting)
Synonyms
- (to extinguish):
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Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- destroy
- die, perish, disappear
- fall, collapse
Readings
- Go-on: めち (mechi); めつ (metsu, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: べつ (betsu)
- Kun: ほろびる (horobiru, 滅びる, Jōyō); ほろぼす (horobosu, 滅ぼす, Jōyō)
Compounds
- 滅却
- 滅相
- 滅多
- 滅亡
- 滅法
- 滅没
- 滅裂
- 潰滅
- 死滅
- 消滅
- 絶滅
- 殲滅
- 点滅
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 滅 (MC miᴇt̚).
| Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mjʌ̹ɭ]
- Phonetic hangul: [멸]
Hanja
Wikisource滅 (eumhun 멸망할 멸 (myeolmanghal myeol))
- Hanja form? of 멸 (“destroy”).
Compounds
- 괴멸 (壞滅, goemyeol, “annihilation, destruction”)
- 궤멸 (潰滅, gwemyeol, “annihilation, destruction”)
- 파멸 (破滅, pamyeol, “ruin; destruction”)
- 환멸 (幻滅/還滅, hwanmyeol, “disillusionment”)
- 인멸 (湮滅, inmyeol, “destruction”)
- 소멸 (消滅, somyeol, “elimination; annihilation”)
- 섬멸 (殲滅, seommyeol, “annihilation, eradication, extermination”)
- 사멸 (死滅, samyeol, “dying out”)
- 불멸 (不滅, bulmyeol, “immortality”)
- 박멸 (撲滅, bangmyeol, “eradication”)
- 멸망 (滅亡, myeolmang, “extinction”)
- 멸균 (滅菌, myeolgyun, “sterilisation”)
- 멸공 (滅共, myeolgong, “eradication of communism”)
- 멸살 (滅殺, myeolsal, “eradication”)
- 전멸 (全滅, jeonmyeol, “annihilation; extermination”)
- 생멸 (生滅, saengmyeol, “life and death”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
滅: Hán Nôm readings: diệt
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