湖

湖	U+6E56, 湖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E56

← 湕
[U+6E55]

CJK Unified Ideographs

湗 →
[U+6E57]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵胡)

Derived characters

𫉣

References

KangXi: page 637, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836

Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3

Unihan data for U+6E56

Chinese

trad.		湖
simp. ^#		湖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	kɯ, kas
橭	kaː, kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	kaː, kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	kaː, kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	kaː, kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	kʰaːʔ, kʰaːs
葫	qʰaː, ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	ɡaːʔ, ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	ka, kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	ka, ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hú (hu²)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ
(Chengdu, SP): fu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): wu⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): vu³
Gan (Wiktionary): fu⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fù
(Meixian, Guangdong): fu²
Jin (Wiktionary): hu¹
Min Bei (KCR): ǔ
Min Dong (BUC): hù
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ô͘ / hô͘
(Teochew, Peng'im): ou⁵ / hu⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhu (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): fu²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hú
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hú
  - Wade–Giles: hu²
  - Yale: hú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
  - Palladius: ху (xu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: fu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wu⁴
  - Yale: wùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: vu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /vu²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
  - Hakka Romanization System: fuˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fu²
  - Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hu¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xu¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oo
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/

Note:

ô͘ - vernacular;
hô͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ou⁵ / hu⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôu / hû
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou⁵⁵/, /hu⁵⁵/

Note:

ou5 - vernacular;
hu5 - literary.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhu (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦv̩ʷ²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɸu¹³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuo/

Rime
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤa/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English	lake
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
No.	4247
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/

Definitions

湖

lake; loch
Short for 湖北 (Húběi, “Hubei Province”).
Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan Province”).

Synonyms

(lake):

edit

泊 (pō) (literary, or in compounds)

海子 (hǎizi) (northern and southwestern Mandarin, chiefly in toponyms)

湖泊 (húpō)

Compounds

Derived terms from 湖

三江五湖
九湖 (Jiǔhú)
五湖 (Wǔhú)
五湖四海 (wǔhúsìhǎi)
伊利湖 (Yīlìhú)
北湖 (Běihú)
南湖 (Nán Hú)
口湖 (Kǒuhú)
四湖 (Sìhú)
堰塞湖 (yànsèhú)
大埤湖
大明湖 (Dàmínghú)
大湖 (Dàhú)
大熊湖 (Dàxiónghú)
太湖 (Tàihú)
太湖港 (Tàihúgǎng)
太湖石
安大略湖 (Āndàlüè Hú)
密西根湖
小湖 (Xiǎohú)
岳普湖 (Yuèpǔhú)
巢湖 (Cháohú)
彭蠡湖
慈湖
拉多加湖 (Lāduōjiā Hú)
昆明湖 (Kūnmíng Hú)
月亮湖 (Yuèlianghú)
柳山湖 (Liǔshānhú)
柴湖 (Cháihú)
水果湖 (Shuǐguǒhú)
江湖 (jiānghú)
江湖郎中
沉湖 (Chénhú)
沙湖 (Shāhú)
泖湖
洞庭湖 (Dòngtíng Hú)
洪湖 (Hónghú)
淡水湖 (dànshuǐhú)
湖光
湖光山色
湖北 (Húběi)
湖北口 (Húběikǒu)
湖南 (Húnán)
湖口 (Húkǒu)
湖山石
湖工 (Húgōng)
湖心亭
湖沼 (húzhǎo)
湖泊 (húpō)
湖海 (húhǎi)
湖海之士
湖田
湖畔 (húpàn)
湖羊
湖色 (húsè)
湖西 (Húxī)
溪湖 (Xīhú)
潟湖 (xìhú)
澄清湖

澎湖 (Pénghú)
玄武湖
琵琶湖 (Pípáhú)
甓社湖
瘦西湖 (Shòuxīhú)
程湖 (Chénghú)
笑傲江湖
老江湖
艾力西湖 (Àilìxīhú)
花湖 (Huāhú)
草埠湖 (Cǎobùhú)
莫愁湖
菁湖 (Jīnghú)
菱角湖 (Língjiaohú)
西湖 (Xī Hú)
走江湖 (zǒujiānghu)
跑江湖
酃湖
金湖 (Jīnhú)
青海湖 (Qīnghǎi Hú)
青草湖
高湖 (Gāohú)
高湖街 (Gāohújiē)
魔鬼湖
鼎湖 (dǐnghú)
凌家湖 (Língjiāhú)
斗湖堤 (Dǒuhúdī)
梁子湖 (Liángzihú)
羊卓雍湖
休崙湖／休仑湖
內湖／内湖 (Nèihú)
內陸湖／内陆湖
兩湖／两湖 (Liǎnghú)
冰磧湖／冰碛湖
冰蝕湖／冰蚀湖
加爾達湖／加尔达湖
千湖國／千湖国
半鹹水湖／半咸水湖
南湖山莊／南湖山庄 (Nánhú Shānzhuāng)
博斯騰湖／博斯腾湖
大湖區／大湖区
大貝湖／大贝湖
大鹽湖／大盐湖 (Dàyánhú)
天鵝湖／天鹅湖
太寶湖／太宝湖 (Tàibǎohú)
寶湖／宝湖 (Bǎohú)
巴拉頓湖／巴拉顿湖
巴爾喀什湖／巴尔喀什湖 (Bā'ěrkàshíhú)
愛德華湖／爱德华湖
東湖／东湖 (Dōng Hú)
東西湖／东西湖 (Dōngxīhú)
東趙湖／东赵湖 (Dōngzhàohú)
楊家湖／杨家湖 (Yángjiāhú)
標湖／标湖 (Biāohú)
江湖好漢／江湖好汉
江湖義氣／江湖义气
江湖藝人／江湖艺人
江湖術士／江湖术士
江湖術語／江湖术语

江湖道義／江湖道义
江湖騙子／江湖骗子 (jiānghú piànzi)
洩湖
洪澤湖／洪泽湖 (Hóngzé hú)
浪跡江湖／浪迹江湖
海跡湖／海迹湖
游湖借傘／游湖借伞
湖內／湖内 (Húnèi)
湖北口回族鄉／湖北口回族乡 (Húběikǒu Huízú Xiāng)
湖學／湖学
湖廣／湖广 (Húguǎng)
湖海氣／湖海气
湖海飄零／湖海飘零
湖澤／湖泽 (húzé)
湖濱散記／湖滨散记
湖畔詩人／湖畔诗人
湖筆／湖笔
湖縐／湖绉
湖膠／湖胶
湖電／湖电 (Húdiàn)
湯遜湖／汤逊湖 (Tāngxùn Hú)
滷湖／卤湖
漲渡湖／涨渡湖 (Zhǎngdùhú)
澎湖群島／澎湖群岛 (Pénghú Qúndǎo)
濱湖／滨湖 (Bīnhú)
牛軛湖／牛轭湖
羅湖／罗湖 (Luóhú)
興凱湖／兴凯湖 (Xīngkǎi Hú)
花魚湖／花鱼湖 (Huāyúhú)
茵夢湖／茵梦湖
蓮湖／莲湖 (Liánhú, “Lianhu”)
蔣湖／蒋湖 (Jiǎnghú)
蕪湖／芜湖 (Wúhú)
蘇必略湖／苏必略湖 (Sūbìlüè Hú)
西湖佳話／西湖佳话
西趙湖／西赵湖 (Xīzhàohú)
貝加爾湖／贝加尔湖 (Bèijiā'ěr Hú)
貝爾湖／贝尔湖 (Bèi'ěr Hú)
遊湖／游湖
鄱陽湖／鄱阳湖 (Póyáng Hú)
重現江湖／重现江湖
鏡泊湖／镜泊湖 (Jìngpō Hú)
鏡湖／镜湖 (Jìnghú)
鑑湖／鉴湖
鑑湖女俠／鉴湖女侠
長湖／长湖 (Chánghú)
間歇湖／间歇湖
闖江湖／闯江湖
陳瑤湖／陈瑶湖 (Chényáohú)
陸水湖／陆水湖 (Lùshuǐhú)
陽湖派／阳湖派
騰格里湖／腾格里湖
鴛鴦湖／鸳鸯湖
鴨子湖／鸭子湖 (Yāzihú)
鵝湖／鹅湖
鹹水湖／咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
鹹湖／咸湖
鹽湖／盐湖 (yánhú)
鹽湖城／盐湖城 (Yánhúchéng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (湖):

→ Japanese: 湖(こ) (ko)
→ Korean: 호(湖) (ho)
→ Vietnamese: hồ (湖)

Others:

→ Ai-Cham: fu²
→ Zhuang: huz

Japanese

Kanji

湖

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

lake

Readings

Go-on: ぐ (gu); ご (go)
Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
Kun: みずうみ (mizuumi, 湖, Jōyō)^{←みづうみ (miduumi, historical)}
Nanori: うみ (umi); ひろし (hiroshi); み (mi)

Compounds

塩(え)湖(んこ) (enko)
汽(き)水(すい)湖(こ) (kisuiko)
湖(こ)岸(がん) (kogan)
湖(こ)底(てい) (kotei)
湖(こ)水(すい) (kosui)
湖(こ)沼(しょう) (koshō)
湖(こ)面(めん) (komen)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
湖
みずうみ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

水 (mizu, “water”) +‎ 海 (umi, “sea”)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) みずうみ [mìzúúꜜmì] (Nakadaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [mʲizɨᵝɯ̟ᵝmʲi]

Noun

湖(みずうみ) • (mizuumi) ^{←みづうみ (miduumi)^?}

a lake (body of water)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 湖 (MC ɦuo). Recorded as Middle Korean 호 (hwo) (Yale: hwo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource湖 (eumhun 호수 호 (hosu ho))

Hanja form^? of 호 (“lake”).

Compounds

호수 (湖水, hosu, “lake”)
강호 (江湖, gangho)
호소 (湖沼, hoso, “lakes and marshes”)
염호 (鹽湖, yeomho, “salt lake”)
호남 (湖南, Honam, “Honam”)
인공호 (人工湖, in'gongho, “artificial lake”)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

湖: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

lake

Usage notes

The modern Vietnamese word for lake is hồ.

References

www.chunom.org