渠
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Translingual
Han character
渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)
References
- KangXi: page 633, character 48
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
- Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6E20
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 渠 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Characters in the same phonetic series (巨) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 柜 | *kaʔ |
| 渠 | *ɡa |
| 磲 | *ɡa |
| 蕖 | *ɡa |
| 蟝 | *ɡa |
| 璖 | *ɡa |
| 巨 | *ɡaʔ |
| 距 | *ɡaʔ |
| 拒 | *ɡaʔ |
| 苣 | *ɡaʔ |
| 炬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 詎 | *ɡaʔ, *ɡas |
| 鉅 | *ɡaʔ |
| 秬 | *ɡaʔ |
| 粔 | *ɡaʔ |
| 駏 | *ɡaʔ |
| 歫 | *ɡaʔ |
| 矩 | *kʷaʔ |
| 榘 | *kʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡa) : semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).
Etymology 1
| trad. | 渠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 渠 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 洰 | |
- “ditch; canal; drain”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
渠
- ditch; canal; drain; man-made channel (Classifier: 條／条 m c)
- 靈渠／灵渠 ― Língqú ― Lingqu (a canal in present-day Xing'an County, Guangxi, China, constructed in 214 BCE)
- 污水渠 [Cantonese] ― wu1 seoi2 keoi4 [Jyutping] ― sewer
- (literary) big; huge
- a surname
Usage notes
Unlike 溝／沟 (gōu), which refers to both artificial and natural watercourses, 渠 (qú) refers only to artificial watercourses.
Compounds
|
|
|
Etymology 2
| trad. | 渠 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 渠 | |
| 2nd round simp. | 洰 | |
| alternative forms | 𠍲 佢 dialectal 伊 S. Sixian Hakka; Shanghainese | |
Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.
Pronunciation
Definitions
渠
- (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
- 問渠哪得清如許，為有源頭活水來。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 12th century, 朱熹 (Zhu Xi), 觀書有感
- Wèn qú nǎ dé qīng rú xǔ, wèi yǒu yuántóu huóshuǐ lái. [Pinyin]
- [I want to] ask it [the pond] why it can be so clear. It is because running water continuously flows in.
问渠哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 他 (“he”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words edit |
|---|---|---|
| Classical Chinese | 伊1, 彼, 其, 厥, 渠, 夫, 之 object, 乃 | |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 他 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 他, 怹 honorific |
| Taiwan | 他 | |
| Tianjin | 他 | |
| Chengde | 他 | |
| Tangshan | 他 | |
| Cangzhou | 他 | |
| Ulanhot | 他 | |
| Tongliao | 他 | |
| Chifeng | 他 | |
| Bayanhot | 他 | |
| Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 他 | |
| Heihe | 他 | |
| Qiqihar | 他 | |
| Harbin | 他 | |
| Jiamusi | 他 | |
| Baicheng | 他 | |
| Changchun | 他 | |
| Tonghua | 他 | |
| Shenyang | 他 | |
| Dandong | 他 | |
| Jinzhou | 他 | |
| Dalian | 他 | |
| Yantai | 他 | |
| Yantai (Muping) | 他 | |
| Qingdao | 他 | |
| Lijin | 他 | |
| Weifang (Weicheng) | 他 | |
| Weifang (Fangzi) | 他 | |
| Weifang (Hanting) | 他 | |
| Changyi | 他 | |
| Gaomi | 他 | |
| Zhucheng | 他 | |
| Anqiu | 他 | |
| Changle | 他 | |
| Linqu | 他 | |
| Qingzhou | 他 | |
| Shouguang | 他 | |
| Wulian | 他 | |
| Jinan | 他 | |
| Luoyang | 他 | |
| Wanrong | 他, 伢 | |
| Shangqiu | 他 | |
| Yuanyang | 他 | |
| Zhengzhou | 他 | |
| Lingbao | 他 | |
| Xinyang | 他 | |
| Baihe | 他 | |
| Hanzhong | 他 | |
| Xi'an | 他 | |
| Dingbian | 他 | |
| Baoji | 他 | |
| Yinchuan | 他 | |
| Tianshui | 他 | |
| Lanzhou | 他, 那 | |
| Dunhuang | 他 | |
| Xining | 家, 他 | |
| Hami | 他 | |
| Ürümqi | 他 | |
| Wuhan | 他, 他家 | |
| Yichang | 他 | |
| Xiangyang | 他 | |
| Tianmen | 他 | |
| Hong'an | 他 | |
| Chengdu | 他 | |
| Nanchong | 他 | |
| Dazhou | 他 | |
| Hanyuan | 他 | |
| Xichang | 他 | |
| Zigong | 他 | |
| Chongqing | 他 | |
| Guiyang | 他 | |
| Zunyi | 他 | |
| Bijie | 他 | |
| Liping | 他 | |
| Zhaotong | 他 | |
| Dali | 他 | |
| Kunming | 他 | |
| Mengzi | 他 | |
| Guilin | 他 | |
| Liuzhou | 他 | |
| Nanning (Xiakuojie) | 他 | |
| Nanning (Fujian) | 他 | |
| Nanning (Wuming) | 他 | |
| Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming) | 他 | |
| Binyang (Nanjie) | 他 | |
| Qinzhou (Longmengang) | 他 | |
| Jishou | 他 | |
| Changde | 他 | |
| Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 他 | |
| Anqing | 他 | |
| Xuzhou | 他 | |
| Pizhou | 他 | |
| Ganyu | 他 | |
| Fuyang | 他 | |
| Wuhu | 他 | |
| Yangzhou | 他 | |
| Baoying | 他 | |
| Lianyungang | 他 | |
| Donghai | 他 | |
| Huai'an (Huaiyin) | 他 | |
| Lianshui | 他 | |
| Xuyi | 他 | |
| Xinghua | 他 | |
| Nanjing | 他 | |
| Hefei | 他 | |
| Nantong | 他 | |
| Rugao | 他 | |
| Yancheng | 他 | |
| Funing | 他 | |
| Sihong | 他 | |
| Taizhou | 他 | |
| Zhenjiang | 他 | |
| Changle (Qinjiang) | 他 | |
| Yanping | 他 | |
| Malaysia | 他 | |
| Singapore | 他 | |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 他 | |
| Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) | 他 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 佢 |
| Hong Kong | 佢 | |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 佢 | |
| Macau | 佢 | |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 佢 | |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 佢 | |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 佢 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 佢 | |
| Foshan | 佢 | |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 佢 | |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 佢 | |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 佢 | |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 佢 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 佢 | |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 佢 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 佢 | |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 佢 | |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 佢 | |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 佢 | |
| Taishan | 佢 | |
| Taishan (Guanghai) | 佢 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 佢 | |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 佢 | |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 佢 | |
| Dongguan | 佢 | |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 佢 | |
| Qingyuan | 佢 | |
| Fogang | 佢 | |
| Yingde (Hanguang) | 佢 | |
| Yangshan | 佢 | |
| Lianshan (Butian) | 佢 | |
| Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 佢 | |
| Shaoguan | 佢 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 佢 | |
| Renhua | 佢 | |
| Lechang | 佢 | |
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 佢 | |
| Sihui | 佢 | |
| Guangning | 佢 | |
| Deqing | 佢 | |
| Huaiji | 佢 | |
| Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 佢 | |
| Yunfu | 佢 | |
| Xinxing | 佢 | |
| Luoding | 佢 | |
| Yunan (Pingtai) | 佢 | |
| Yangjiang | 佢 | |
| Xinyi | 佢 | |
| Lianjiang | 佢 | |
| Nanning | 佢 | |
| Wuzhou | 佢 | |
| Yulin | 佢 | |
| Hepu (Lianzhou) | 佢 | |
| Baise | 佢 | |
| Qinzhou | 佢 | |
| Beihai | 佢 | |
| Beihai (Nankang) | 佢 | |
| Beihai (Yingpan) | 佢 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 佢 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 佢 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 佢 | |
| Danzhou | 佢 | |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 佢 | |
| Penang (Guangfu) | 佢 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 佢 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 佢 | |
| Móng Cái | 佢 | |
| Yangon (Taishan) | 佢 | |
| Mandalay (Taishan) | 佢 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 渠 |
| Nanchang (Wangcheng) | 渠 | |
| Anyi | 渠仂 | |
| Lushan | 渠 | |
| Pengze | 渠 | |
| Duchang | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Wuning (Quankou) | 渠 | |
| Poyang | 渠 | |
| Yugan | 渠, 渠郎 | |
| Wannian | 渠 | |
| Hengfeng | 渠, 渠仂 | |
| Yanshan | 渠, 渠仂 | |
| Leping | 渠 | |
| Yichun | 渠 | |
| Yifeng | 渠 | |
| Gao'an | 渠 | |
| Fengxin | 渠 | |
| Shanggao | 渠 | |
| Wanzai | 渠 | |
| Fengcheng | 渠 | |
| Xinyu | 渠 | |
| Fuzhou (Shangdundu) | 渠 | |
| Fuzhou (Dongxiang) | 渠仂 | |
| Nancheng | 渠 | |
| Nanfeng | 渠仂, 渠 | |
| Yihuang | 渠 | |
| Lichuan | 渠 | |
| Chongren | 渠 | |
| Pingxiang | 他 | |
| Lianhua | 渠 | |
| Ji'an | 渠 | |
| Yongfeng | 渠 | |
| Taihe | 渠 | |
| Xiajiang | 渠 | |
| Yongxin | 渠 | |
| Yingtan (Yujiang) | 渠 | |
| Guixi | 渠, 渠仂 | |
| Jianning | 使 | |
| Jinxian | 渠 | |
| Jinxi | 渠 | |
| Le'an | 渠 | |
| Guangchang | 渠 | |
| Anfu | 渠 | |
| Suichuan | 渠 | |
| Wan'an | 渠 | |
| Jing'an | 渠 | |
| Zhangshu | 渠 | |
| Xingan | 渠 | |
| Fenyi | 渠 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 佢 |
| Xingning | 佢 | |
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Huidong (Daling) | 佢 | |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 佢 | |
| Boluo (Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 佢 | |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 佢 | |
| Wuhua (Huacheng) | 佢 | |
| Wuhua (Meilin) | 佢 | |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 佢 | |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 佢 | |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 佢 | |
| Liannan | 佢 | |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 佢 | |
| Jiexi | 佢 | |
| Changting | 佢 | |
| Shanghang | 佢 | |
| Yongding | 佢 | |
| Wuping | 佢 | |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 佢 | |
| Liancheng | 佢 | |
| Ninghua | 佢 | |
| Qingliu | 佢 | |
| Yudu | 佢 | |
| Ruijin | 佢 | |
| Shicheng | 佢 | |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 佢 | |
| Dingnan | 佢 | |
| Longnan | 佢 | |
| Xunwu | 佢 | |
| Huichang | 佢 | |
| Nankang | 佢 | |
| Chongyi | 佢 | |
| Xingguo | 佢 | |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 佢 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 佢 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 佢 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 佢 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 佢 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 佢 | |
| Hong Kong | 佢 | |
| Luchuan | 佢 | |
| Bobai (Shahe) | 佢 | |
| Bobai (Longtan) | 佢 | |
| Bobai (Lingping) | 佢 | |
| Bobai (Lingjiao) | 佢 | |
| Sabah (Longchuan) | 佢 | |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 佢 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 佢 | |
| Singkawang | 佢 | |
| Bangkok (Meixian) | 佢 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 渠, 渠仂 |
| Dexing | 渠 | |
| Chun'an (Qiandaohu) | 渠 | |
| Jiande (Meicheng) | 渠 | |
| Jiande (Shouchang) | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 他 |
| Yangyuan | 他 | |
| Datong | 他 | |
| Xinzhou | 他 | |
| Lishi | 他 | |
| Linfen | 他 | |
| Changzhi | 他 | |
| Taibus (Baochang) | 他 | |
| Linhe | 他 | |
| Jining | 他 | |
| Hohhot | 他 | |
| Baotou | 他 | |
| Dongsheng | 他 | |
| Haibowan | 他 | |
| Erenhot | 他 | |
| Pingshan | 他 | |
| Zhangjiakou | 他 | |
| Handan | 他 | |
| Linzhou | 他 | |
| Suide | 他 | |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 渠 |
| Jian'ou (Dikou) | 渠 | |
| Songxi | 渠 | |
| Zhenghe | 渠 | |
| Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 渠 | |
| Jianyang | 渠 | |
| Pucheng (Shibei) | 渠 | |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 伊1 |
| Changle | 伊1 | |
| Lianjiang | 伊1 | |
| Fuqing | 伊1 | |
| Pingtan | 伊1 | |
| Yongtai | 伊1 | |
| Minqing | 伊1 | |
| Gutian | 伊1 | |
| Pingnan | 伊1 | |
| Luoyuan | 伊1 | |
| Fu'an | 伊1 | |
| Ningde | 伊1 | |
| Xiapu | 伊1 | |
| Zherong | 伊1 | |
| Shouning | 伊1 | |
| Zhouning | 伊1 | |
| Fuding | 伊1 | |
| Matsu | 伊1 | |
| Taishun | 伊1 | |
| Cangnan | 伊1 | |
| Manjung (Gutian) | 伊1 | |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 伊1 |
| Xiamen (Tong'an) | 伊1 | |
| Quanzhou | 伊1 | |
| Jinjiang | 伊1 | |
| Nan'an | 伊1 | |
| Shishi | 伊1 | |
| Hui'an | 伊1 | |
| Anxi | 伊1 | |
| Yongchun | 伊1 | |
| Dehua | 伊1 | |
| Zhangzhou | 伊1 | |
| Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 伊1 | |
| Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 伊1 | |
| Hua'an | 伊1 | |
| Nanjing | 伊1 | |
| Pinghe | 伊1 | |
| Zhangpu | 伊1 | |
| Yunxiao | 伊1 | |
| Zhao'an | 伊1 | |
| Dongshan | 伊1 | |
| Taipei | 伊1 | |
| Taipei (Wanhua) | 伊1 | |
| Kaohsiung | 伊1 | |
| Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 伊1 | |
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang) | 伊1 | |
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 伊1 | |
| Yilan | 伊1 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 伊1 | |
| Taichung | 伊1 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 伊1 | |
| Tainan | 伊1 | |
| Taitung | 伊1 | |
| Hsinchu | 伊1 | |
| Kinmen | 伊1 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 伊1 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 伊1 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 伊1 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 伊1 | |
| Medan (Hokkien) | 伊1 | |
| Longyan | 伊1 | |
| Zhangping | 伊1 | |
| Datian | 伊1 | |
| Pingnan (Shangdu) | 他, 伊1 | |
| Guilin (Biyange) | 伊1 | |
| Cangnan | 伊1 | |
| Chaozhou | 伊1 | |
| Shantou | 伊1 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 伊1 | |
| Jieyang | 伊1 | |
| Haifeng | 伊1 | |
| Bangkok (Teochew) | 伊1 | |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 伊1 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 伊1 | |
| Pontianak (Teochew) | 伊1 | |
| Leizhou | 伊1 | |
| Wenchang | 伊1 | |
| Haikou | 伊1 | |
| Qionghai | 伊1 | |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 伊1 | |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 伊1 |
| Xianyou | 伊1 | |
| Min Zhong | Yong'an | 佢 |
| Sanyuan | 佢 | |
| Shaxian | 佢 | |
| Yanping (Wangtai) | 佢 | |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 𠇼 |
| Guangze | 𠇼 | |
| Jiangle | 渠 | |
| Mingxi | 渠 | |
| Shunchang | 渠 | |
| Zhongshan Min | Sanxiang | 伊1 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 佢 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 他 |
| Shehua | Jingning | 渠 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 伊2 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 伊2 | |
| Shanghai (Jiading) | 伊2 | |
| Shanghai (Songjiang) | 是渠, 實渠, 渠 | |
| Suzhou | 俚, 俚倷, 唔倷 | |
| Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 伊2, 伊奴 | |
| Wuxi | 佗 | |
| Changshu | 伊2 | |
| Haimen | 他, 伊2 | |
| Jiaxing | 伊內 | |
| Jiashan | 伊2, 伊儂 | |
| Pinghu | 伊儂 | |
| Haining (Yanguan) | 伊2 | |
| Tongxiang | 伊2, 夷儂 | |
| Haiyan | 伊2, 葉內, 候內 | |
| Changzhou | 佗 | |
| Danyang | 他 | |
| Gaochun | 他 | |
| Huzhou | 是其 | |
| Changxing | 是夷, 夷 | |
| Anji | 其 | |
| Deqing | 夷 | |
| Hangzhou | 他 | |
| Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 夷, 其 | |
| Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 夷, 是夷, 其 | |
| Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 夷, 是夷 | |
| Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 夷 | |
| Tonglu | 夷, 是夷 | |
| Tonglu (Wusheng) | 夷, 他 | |
| Shaoxing | 夷 | |
| Zhuji | 其 | |
| Shengzhou | 夷 | |
| Xinchang | 其 | |
| Ningbo | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Zhenhai | 其 | |
| Fenghua | 其 | |
| Yuyao | 渠 | |
| Cixi | 渠 | |
| Xiangshan | 其, 像其 | |
| Ninghai | 其, 其儂 | |
| Zhoushan | 其 | |
| Huangyan | 渠 | |
| Tiantai | 渠 | |
| Xianju | 渠 | |
| Sanmen | 渠 | |
| Linhai | 渠 | |
| Wenling | 渠 | |
| Wenzhou | 渠 | |
| Yueqing | 渠 | |
| Yongjia (Fenglin) | 渠 | |
| Rui'an | 渠 | |
| Pingyang | 渠 | |
| Taishun | 其 | |
| Wencheng | 渠 | |
| Lishui | 渠 | |
| Qingtian | 渠 | |
| Jinyun | 渠 | |
| Wuyi (Liucheng) | 渠 | |
| Songyang (Xiping) | 渠 | |
| Yunhe | 他, 其 | |
| Jingning | 他, 渠 | |
| Qingyuan | 渠 | |
| Longquan | 渠 | |
| Quzhou | 渠 | |
| Suichang | 渠 | |
| Jiangshan | 渠 | |
| Changshan | 渠 | |
| Kaihua | 渠 | |
| Longyou | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Jinhua | 渠 | |
| Jinhua (Tangxi) | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Yiwu | 渠 | |
| Yongkang | 渠 | |
| Pujiang | 其, 徐 | |
| Dongyang | 渠 | |
| Wuyi | 渠 | |
| Lanxi | 渠, 渠儂 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 他 |
| Loudi | 他 | |
| Shuangfeng | 他 | |
| Quanzhou | 他 | |
| Note | These also apply for other third person singular pronouns 佢 is preferred in Yue and Hakka, while 渠 is preferred elsewhere | |
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
渠
(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- On (unclassified): きょ (kyo)
- Kun: みぞ (mizo, 渠); かれ (kare, 渠); なんぞ (nanzo, 渠ぞ)
Korean
Hanja
渠 (eum 거 (geo))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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